摘要
性侵儿童案件的证据往往呈现以儿童被害人陈述为主的证据构造,其陈述真实性的审查判断对事实的认定起到了决定性的作用。由于性侵儿童案件被害人主体具有特殊性,一般的经验常识会妨碍对案件事实的准确认定。由此,英美法系国家开始就遭受性侵的儿童被害人的创后症状以及对儿童被害人采取的询问程序和方法这两者对于被害人陈述真实性的影响展开了研究,又称社会科学研究。从其立法与司法实践来看,此类研究成果已被广泛地运用于性侵儿童的诉讼中,为审查判断儿童被害人陈述的真实性提供了科学依据。因此在借鉴社会科学文献与域外法律制度的基础上,应在对我国性侵儿童案件中证据的审查判断规则作出以下改革措施:其一,引入专家证言辅助裁判者对被害人陈述进行审查判断;其二,对遭性侵的儿童被害人延迟揭发犯罪事实、撤回指控以及陈述不一致、缺乏细节等现象要区别对待;其三,对使用具有强暗示性询问方法获取的儿童被害人陈述予以排除。
The statement of the child victims often constitute the main evidence in cases of child sexual abuse and the examination and determination of the truthfulness of such statement plays a decisive role in the identification of facts in these cases.Due to the special characteristics of the victim in child sexual abuse cases,general experience and common sense will hinder the accurate identification of the facts in these cases.In view of this fact,countries of the Anglo-American legal system began to study the impacts of post-invasive symptoms and the procedures and methods of inquiry on the authenticity of the statement of the victim of child sexual abuse.Such study is also known as social science research.Judging from legislative and judicial practice,the results of such studies have been widely applied in cases of child sexual abuse,providing a scientific basis for the examination of the authenticity of child victim’s statement.China should,on the basis of drawing on the social science literature and the experiences of foreign legal systems,take the following measures to reform the rules on in the examination and determination of evidence in child sexual abuse cases:first,introducing expert testimony to assist the judges in the examination and determination the victim’s statement;second,giving differential treatments to the delay in the disclosure of criminal facts,withdrawal of allegations,and inconsistent statements made by victims of child sexual abuse;and thirdly,excluding statements by the victim of child sexual abuse obtained through inquiries with strongly suggestive methods.
出处
《环球法律评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期132-152,共21页
Global Law Review
基金
2017年度司法部国家法治与法学理论研究"性侵未成年人犯罪证明疑难问题研究"课题(17SFB3023)的研究成果
