摘要
"比"字句是比较句中一种常见句式,用来比较不同事物以及同一事物在不同时间、不同情况下的差别。"比"字句的基本格式为:X比Y(Z)W,其中X和Y是比较项,Z是比较视点,W为比较结论。"比"字句在生活和学习中使用非常普遍和高效,但有一些限制性条件:能充当比较项的X和Y之间必须具有语义相关性且符合认知才可以进行对比;"比"字句中如果提供了足够的信息或根据上下文能找回比较视点,比较视点才可以省略。"比"字句结论项的谓语类型主要分为形容词性短语、动词性短语和比N还(更)N三大类型,并各有其限制性条件。凡是能用程度副词"还"的地方,都能用"更"去替换。探析"比"字句在运用中的限制性条件,能使我们更深入地理解其内在的规律,从而更好地把握和高效地用好"比"字句。
“Bi”is a common sentence pattern in comparative sentences,which is used to compare the differences between different things and the same thing at different times and under different circumstances.The basic format of“Bi”sentence is:X is Y(Z)W,where X and Y are comparative terms,Z is comparative perspective,W is comparative conclusion.The use of the word“Bi”in life and learning is very common and efficient,but there are some limitations:X and Y,which can act as comparative terms,must be semantically relevant and cognitive in order to make a comparison;if the word“Bi”provides enough information or can find a comparative perspective according to the context,the comparative perspective can only be used or omitted.The predicate types of the conclusion items of the“Bi”sentence are mainly divided into adjective phrases,verbal phrases and even(more)N than N,and each has its own restrictive conditions.Wherever you can use the degree adverb“return”,you can replace it with“more”.The analysis of the restrictive conditions in the use of the word“Bi”can help us to understand its inherent laws more deeply,so as to better grasp and effectively use the word“Bi”sentence.
作者
张昕
ZHANG Xin(School of Literature and Journalism,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,China)
出处
《语言与翻译》
CSSCI
2018年第4期53-59,81,共8页
Language and Translation
关键词
现代汉语
“比”字句
限制条件
视点省略
Modern Chinese
“comparison”words
restrictive conditions
omission of point of view
