摘要
15~17世纪是西方的大航海时代,无论东来西进都对历史造成极大的影响;处于这个时代的中国,也正是会馆文化出现的时期。这种原本为“同乡人士在京师和其他异乡城市所建立,专为同乡停留聚会或推进业务的场所”何炳棣《中国会馆史论》言:“狭义的会馆指同乡所公立的建筑,广义的会馆指同乡组织。”(台北:学生书局,1966,第11页),基本上反映出当时人口流动与移民社会整合的面貌。随着大航海时代的来临,中国内外情势的改变,会馆制度也因此传播到海外。
China and Vietnam entered into a symbiotic but fluctuating relationship for centuriesAs Western countries redefined the global system in the 15th-17th centuries,waves of Chinese emigrants voluntarily or involuntarily left their homelands and arrived at regions of modern VietnamAlong with population movement came migrant associations that served multiple functions,including religious,recreational,euergetistic,contractual actions and gatheringsThis paper studies one such migrant group called GuangZhao AssociationThe GZA built its congregation facility called ShengMu Temple in the Saigon region,in which includes a stele in 1974 that records an inscription concerning a fundraising document soliciting voluntary donations for the renovation of the ShengMu TempleAspects of ritual and architectural design of the ShengMu Temple suggest that migrants have adopted polytheistic worship to emphasize ethnic belonging.Guardian deities of respective guilds as well as local rural deities have been inducted into the religious pantheon of the temple,an inclusive approach that effectively expanded its religious baseArchitectural design and decor of the temple,on the other hand,shows that homeland features have been transplanted as well,and preserved through the practice of ritualsReligious donations have been a standard practice by migrants of the GZA as a institutional remedy for questionable contractual conditions to which Chinese migrants were subjectedOne example is a hefty poll tax that was often included in the legal agreementThe ShengMu Temple became an urgent task in order to subsidize migrants to pay the poll tax,as well as providing other necessary amenitiesThe fundraising inscription also records the geographical distribution of donors,which concentrated in the six provinces of the Nam Ky(南圻)region,essentially forming a network in the lower Mekong RiverThis inscription shows the considerable influence which the GZA migrants have brought to southern Vietnam during t
出处
《海洋史研究》
2015年第1期168-185,共18页
Studies of Maritime History
