摘要
病害是危害农业生产的重要因素之一,植物对于病原菌的抗性依赖于植物的天然免疫(plant innate immunity)系统。因此,对于植物天然免疫的研究将为农作物抗病育种提供重要理论基础。植物天然免疫系统包含彼此相互关联的两个层面,即PTI(PAMP-triggered immunity)和ETI(effector-triggered immunity)。近年来,国内外对于PTI的研究取得了一系列重要进展。PTI是由病原物相关分子模式PAMP(pathogen-associated molecular pattern)所诱发的植物免疫反应。PAMP被位于植物细胞表面的受体识别后,将免疫信号通过胞质类受体激酶BIK1(Botrytis-induced kinase 1)、MAPK级联、CDPK(calcium-dependent protein kinase)等向下游传递,诱导活性氧的爆发、气孔的关闭、免疫基因的表达等,从而抑制病原微生物的生长。免疫信号在传递过程中会在多个层次上被精细调控,以保证合适的反应强度和持续时间。本文从植物免疫受体FLS2及其他免疫受体的发现、免疫信号转导组分的发现以及其生物学功能、参与天然免疫的转录因子、植物免疫反应的负调控及植物天然免疫在抗病育种中的应用等方面综述了近年来植物PTI天然免疫的分子机理和信号转导方面的研究进展。并对该领域的发展提出展望,我们认为农作物天然免疫信号转导和作物与致病真菌互作系统的研究将会是未来研究的重点和主要方向,天然免疫的重要理论与基因编辑技术的结合,必将使作物抗病育种迎来新时代。
Plant disease is one of the most important factors adversely affecting agricultural production.The resistance of plants to pathogens depends on the plant innate immunity system.The study on plant innate immunity will provide insight into the breeding of disease-resistant crops.Plant innate immunity is composed of two intertwined layers:PTI(PAMP-triggered immunity)and ETI(effector-triggered immunity).In recent years,a series of significance progress has been made in the study of PTI,which is triggered by PAMPs(pathogen-associated molecular patterns).Upon the perception of PAMPs by the cell surface-localized receptors,the immune signaling is transduced through receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase(RLCK)BIK1(Botrytis-induced kinase 1),MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinase)cascade,and CDPKs(calcium-dependent protein kinase),resulting in ROS(reactive oxygen species)burst,stomata closure,and expression of immune-related genes,which limit the colonization of infectious pathogens.Importantly,the innate immunity is regulated at different levels to ensure the optimal intensity and duration of immune responses.In this paper,we reviewed the advances in the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction of PTI in recent years,including the discoveries of FLS2 and other immune receptors,the functions of diverse components of innate immunity signal transduction pathway,the transcription factors involved in innate immunity,the regulation of immune signaling,and the application of innate immunity in the disease-resistance breeding.We also discussed future perspectives,and we thought that the studies on innate immunity signaling in crops and crop-fungi patho-system should be given the highest priority.Furthermore,the combination of the theories of plant innate immunity with the gene editing technologies would definitely provide new opportunities for crop disease-resistance breeding.
作者
杨俊
吕东平
YANG Jun;LYU Dongping(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第10期1585-1592,共8页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31371247)资助~~
