摘要
为了研究道路植被结构对城市内可吸入颗粒物(简称PM10)扩散的影响,该文设计不同道路绿化布局模式,在夏季和冬季不同的风向条件下,利用三维微气候模型(ENVI-met模型)模拟大气颗粒物扩散的规律;另外,该文选择百子湾路、林大北路、交道口东大街、东直门北小街、农展馆南路6条不同绿化布局的道路作为北京市街区道路的典型案例,监测夏季和冬季不同绿化布局道路的可吸入颗粒物浓度,并与ENVI-met模型模拟结果进行对比。结果表明:在高宽比一定的情况下,乔灌草的布局方式对PM10浓度降低作用最明显,其次是乔灌组合方式,乔木对降低PM10浓度的作用较弱,灌木对降低PM10浓度的作用最弱;在植被布局相同的情况下,街道高宽比值越小,PM10浓度降低的越明显。实测和模拟结果对比发现:两者相对误差分布在10%以下的占全部的71%,相对误差分布在10%至20%占全部的22%,相对误差分布在20%以上的仅占全部的7%;模拟值和实测值拟合的决定系数R2为0.9894,RMSE为8.399μg/m3,说明模拟结果精度较高,因此ENVI-met模型能够合理模拟道路植被结构对大气颗粒物扩散的影响,对PM10浓度降低作用角度考虑乔灌草的布局方式最优。
As the city is developing continuously recently,frequently occurred haze has increasingly raised residents’concerns about the urban ecological problems.Motor vehicle exhaust gas is one of the major sources of atmospheric particulates.The road green system,an important ecological measurement,which plays a significant role in preventing the motor vehicle exhaust gas diffusion,is of great significance to improve urban air quality and residents’life quality and the living environment.For the purpose of urban road greening plan,we used high resolution remote sensing images and street views to compile the road information tables so as to select six roads(Baiziwan Road,Linda North Road,Jiaodaokou East Avenue,Dongzhimen North Street,and Nongzhanguan South Road)in Beijing city as the sample set which represent different road green systems,green configurations and street aspect ratios.For the simulation experiment in this paper,we used three-dimensional microclimate software ENVI-met,which was based on fluid and thermodynamics(the calculation of the basic law of the fluid dynamics model),to simulate the interaction processes among ground,vegetation,building and atmosphere in a small-scale urban space.We constructed three-dimensional main model area and set main characteristic parameters of the sample places,such as building,greening and underlying surface structure,and achieved the numerical simulation of interactions among ground,vegetation,building and atmosphere by using the weather prediction subprogram to analyze governing equation.We conducted field experiment in order to compare it with the numerical simulation results.The monitoring points were set on the roadside and behind the tree respectively.Each experiment street was set with one monitoring section which has two monitoring points at the height of 1.5 meters.We selected PM10 as the monitoring item and measure meteorological factors such as wind speed,wind direction and temperature at the same time.We set the results of the non-vegetation particulate matter
作者
王佳
吕春东
牛利伟
张芳菲
Wang Jia;LüChundong;Niu Liwei;Zhang Fangfei(Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第20期225-232,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
北京市自然科学基金(8182038)
中央高校基本科研业务经费项目(2015ZCQ-LX-01)
国家自然科学基金(41401650)
