摘要
本研究的目的是探讨精准农业在小地块农田的应用效果,为当地小规模经营的水田土壤和水稻生产管理提供借鉴。本试验运用全球卫星定位系统(GPS)和地理信息系统(GIS)对具有代表性分散经营的水稻种植区,面积为8.7ha的广西柳江县基隆村水田进行定位采集土壤样品,分析土壤有效氮、磷、钾的养分含量;同时用GIS的空间分析功能对这三种养分含量进行空间分析及插值生成养分空间分布图,在此结果图上选择不同肥力水田进行水稻精准施肥与常规施肥对比试验。结果显示精准施肥均比常规施肥处理节支增产,每公顷平均减少肥料开支579元、稻谷增产5.6%、收益增加1275元。在小规模经营的南方地区,可以根据当地水田地力情况和生产经营特点开展适当的精准施肥技术。
This study aimed to test application effect of“precision agriculture”(PA)in small-sized paddy field in Guangxi province.Soil samples,guided by GPS,were collected at 0-20 cm depth of topsoil from small paddy fields with total area of 8.7 ha.Soil available nutrients including nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of the samples were analyzed.The distribution maps of three soil nutrients were generated under the spatial interpolation method in GIS software.On the basis of the maps,fields with different fertility were selected to conduct the PA experiments.Fertilization recommendations based on soil fertility maps were compared with the conventional fertilizer to assess the practical applicability of PA.Results showed that PA treatment improved rice yields by 5.6%,saved fertilizer costs by 579 yuan/ha and increased net income by 1275 yuan/ha than the conventional practice,suggesting PA could be used in Guangxi.
作者
熊柳梅
刘永贤
梁家作
黄金生
周柳强
谭宏伟
Xiong Liumei;Liu Yongxian;Liang Jiazuo;Huang Jinsheng;Zhou Liuqiang;Tan Hongwei(Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangxi Nanning 530007;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangxi Nanning 530007;Vegetable Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangxi Nanning 530007)
基金
鸣谢:作者感谢广西农科院科技发展基金(桂农科2011JM13)、广西农科院基本科研专项(200822),广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资助项目(桂农科2013YM11),广西自然科学基金(2012GXNSFAA053066),农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室2012年开放基金(2012-03),IPNI项目等资助。
