摘要
近年来土壤酸化正在成为农业生产的限制因素,土壤酸化后农作物产量下降,肥料效率下降。我们选取pH4.5左右的酸化土壤开展调酸剂改良酸化土壤提高水稻磷钾肥肥效的试验研究。选用易获取、价廉以及农户曾经使用过的钙镁磷肥、生石灰和硅钙肥作为调酸剂,以过磷酸钙为对照,进行小区试验。结果表明,以N150kg/ha、P2O590kg/ha、K2O75kg/ha为最佳处理施肥水平基础上,施用硅钙肥2250kg/ha,生石灰1125kg/ha^1500kg/ha或钙镁磷肥800kg/ha,硅钙肥处理的磷肥农学效率为33kg/kg,钙镁磷肥处理的磷肥农学效率为24.7~25.2kg/kg,过磷酸钙处理的磷肥农学效率仅为5.4kg/kg^5.6kg/kg,生石灰处理的农学效率则更低。硅钙肥处理的钾肥农学效率为28.5kg/kg^34.2kg/kg,钙镁磷肥处理的钾肥农学效率为19.4kg/kg^24.5kg/kg,过磷酸钙处理的钾肥农学效率为1.4kg/kg,生石灰处理的农学效率则更低。钙镁磷肥、硅钙肥比过磷酸钙增产32.1%~32.5%、45.1%~45.7%。水稻收获后的土壤分析表明,钙镁磷肥处理的土壤pH比过磷酸钙对照高0.06~0.39个单位,其他调酸剂对土壤pH的影响不明显。
With growing areas in soil acidification in recent years,it has resulted in decreased crop yields and fertilizers efficiency.In order to examine effect of different lime materials such as fused calcium-magnesium phosphate(Ca-Mg-P),quick lime and silicon-calcium(Si-Ca)fertilizer on agronomic efficiency of phosphorous and potassium fertilizers,a block experiment was conducted in an acid soil with pH 4.5.Single superphosphate(SSP)was used as CK.Results showed that on the basis of fertilizer rate at 150-90-75 kg N-P 2 O 5-K 2 O/ha,the agronomic efficiency of phosphate was 33 kg/kg by addition of Si-Ca fertilizer at 1500 kg/ha,24.7-25.2 kg/kg by addition of Ca-Mg-P at 800 kg/ha,5.4-5.6 kg/kg by addition of SSP at 800 kg/ha and very small by addition of quick lime.The agronomic efficiency of potash was 28.5-34.2 kg/kg by addition of Si-Ca fertilizer,19.4-24.5 kg/kg by addition of Ca-Mg-P,1.4 kg/kg by addition of SSP,and even smaller by addition of quick lime.The pronounced rice yield increase was achieved by addition of Ca-Mg-P(32.1-32.5%)and Si-Ca fertilizer(45.1-45.7%)compared to the CK.After-harvest soil analysis revealed that soil pH in the Ca-Mg-P treatment was 0.06-0.39 higher than the SSP treatment,but no significant effects observed from any other treatments.
作者
李伟
张宁
赵敬坤
樊建军
冯兴
黎远文
Li Wei;Zhang Ning;Zhao Jinkun;Fan Jianjun;Feng Xing;Li Yuanwen(Chongqing General Station of Agri-Technique Extension Chongqing 401121;Tongnan Soil and Fertilizer Station Chongqing 402660)
关键词
调酸剂
酸化土壤
水稻
磷
钾
肥料效应
Acid soil
Balanced fertilization
Rice
Yield
Phosphorus
Potassium
Fertilizer effect
