摘要
为了揭示林分结构对蒸散组分的影响,在2012年5～10月,通过树干液流仪和传统水文学法,对宁夏六盘山华北落叶松人工林、油松人工林和华山松次生林的蒸散及其组分进行对比分析。结果表明:各林分的蒸散量和组分差异较大,华北落叶松林、华山松林、油松林生长季总蒸散量为568.2、413.2、377.6 mm,分别占同期降水量的112.0%、81.5%和74.5%。3种针叶林的林分蒸散在垂直层次上分配比例相似,但各分量所占比例明显不同。生长季内华北落叶松林、华山松林和油松林的林冠截留量分别为177.2、146.8和115.1 mm,占蒸散总量的31.19%、35.53%、30.48%,这主要是受叶面积指数影响(华山松5.16>华北落叶松4.78>油松3.66);受林分密度影响,林冠蒸腾量为华北落叶松林(209.8 mm)>油松林(152.8 mm)>华山松林(88.3 mm);灌木层蒸腾量以华山松林最大(106.9 mm),华北落叶松林次之(26.8 mm),油松林最小(24.7 mm),这与人工林林下灌木盖度较低紧密相关;华北落叶松林和油松林的林下蒸散量分别为154.4 mm、102.3 mm,是天然林的2.17倍和1.44倍,与人工林林下地被物接收到更多太阳辐射有关。可以认为,林分结构是导致人工林蒸散量高于天然林的重要因素,选择合理的树种和林分结构是保持区域水资源安全的关键。
To understand the impact of forest structure on the evapotranspiration(ET)and its components,three coniferous forests including Pinus armandii natural forest,Pinus tabulaeformis plantation and larch(Larix principis-rupprechtii)plantation were selected to estimate the ET,forest transpiration(T f),the sum of soil evaporation and herbage evapotranspiration(ET sg),canopy interception(I),shrub transpiration(T s)from May to October 2012 by using thermal dissipation technique and hydrological methodology in a small catchment named Xiangshuihe of Liupan Mountains.The results indicated that,the ET of P.armandii forest,P.tablaeformis forest and larch forest were 413.2,377.6,568.2 mm,respectively accounted for 81.5%,74.4%and 115.1%of the rainfall at the same period,but it s components are different.The allocation of ET in the vertical layers performed similarly among the three forests,but the ratio of each component to total ET significantly differed.The I of P.armandii forest,P.tablaeformis forest and larch forest were 146.8,115.1,177.2 mm,respectively accounted for 35.53%,30.48%and 31.19%of the ET,and this was a result of a higher leaf area index(5.16)in natural forest stand than that of larch plantation(4.78)and P.tablaeformis plantation(3.66).Affected by the forest density,the T f was range as follows.larch(209.8 mm)>P.tablaeformis(152.8 mm)>P.armandii(88.3 mm).The T s differed notably among three forest,with the maximal value(106.9 mm)in natural forest,followed by the larch(26.8 mm)plantation,and the minimal value(24.7 mm)of the P.tablaeformis plantation,this was because of lower shrub coverage in the plantation.The ET sg of larch and P.tablaeformis plantation was 154.4 mm and 102.3 mm,respectively,which was 2.17 times and 1.1.44 times higher than natural forest,and this might be contributed to more solar radiation received in the herb and soil layer in the plantation than natural forest.The forest structure was an important factor that causes the evapotranspiration of artificial forest to be higher than that of natura
作者
曹恭祥
王云霓
王彦辉
徐丽宏
季蒙
CAO Gong-xiang;WANG Yun-ni;WANG Yan-Hui;XU Li-hong;JI Meng(Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry,Hohhot 010010,China;Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2018年第25期16-22,共7页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0506606
2017YFD0600403)
国家自然科学基金(41471029)资助
关键词
人工林
天然林
冠层截留
蒸腾
蒸散
plantations
natural forest
canopy interception
transpiration
evapotranspirtion
