摘要
目的了解该院职业暴露的情况和相关危险因素,为制定职业暴露防范对策提供参考。方法采用回顾性调查,对某三级甲等教学医院2012—2017年上报的437例职业暴露案例进行分析。结果在发生职业暴露的人员中,男、女比例为1∶3.37,暴露时平均年龄(27.2±0.4)岁。外科病区占35.0%,内科病区占34.3%,专科病区占8.0%,医技科室占20.4%,后勤人员占2.3%。未取得职称占36.2%,初级职称占46.2%,中级职称占16.7%,高级职称占0.9%。工作年限不超过1年占49.4%,2~9年占34.8%,10年以上占15.8%。2012年发生率为2.3%,2017年达5.6%,不同年度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护士的构成比最高,达52.4%。病原体中HBV所占比例最高,达48.7%,另有0.3%的案例暴露于超过2种传染源。51.9%的案例暴露时体内抗HBs阳性。案例的63.6%暴露于病房,25.6%发生于手术室,23.3%发生于手术过程。最多见于各种空心注射针头,其次为外科缝合针。95.9%暴露者进行了及时挤血,96.6%用自来水冲洗,94.7%进行了消毒。结论医务人员应加强职业防护的培训与学习,规范上报及处理流程,尽量减少职业暴露风险。
Objective To observe the occupational exposure and risk factor,and provide evidence for formulating prevention measure to reduce occupational exposure.Methods A total of 437 cases with occupational exposure were collected from 2012 to 2017 in a tertiary teaching hospital and their data were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the affected cases of occupational exposure,the male/female ratio was 1∶3.37 and the average age was(27.2±0.4)years at the onset.The constituent ratio of surgery was 35.0%,internal medicine 34.3%,specialist 8.0%,medical laboratory 20.4%and support crew 2.3%.The constituent ratio of those without professional title was 36.2%,primary professional title 46.2%,intermediate professional title 16.7%,and senior professional title 0.9%.The constituent ratio of those working less than 1 year was 49.4%,working for 2-9 years 34.8%and working for more than 10 years 15.8%.The incidence of occupational exposure was 2.3%in 2012 and 5.6%in 2017,there was statistical significance among different years(P<0.05).The occupational exposure ratio was the highest in nurses,accounting for 52.4%.The occupational exposure rate of HBV was the peak among pathogens,accounting for 48.7%,0.3%of cases were exposed to over 2 sources of infection.51.9%cases were positive by anti-HBsAg upon exposure.A total of 63.6%exposure occurred in inpatient ward,25.6%in operation room,and 23.3%during operations.Most of the exposure referred to injection needle,followed by suture needle.A total of 95.9%cases squeezed the blood after exposure,96.6%flushed with tap water and 94.7%sterilized.Conclusions It is suggested to enhance the training and education of occupational prevention for medical staff,standardize reporting procedure and management process,and minimize the risk of occupational exposure.
作者
沈诗华
SHEN Shi-hua(Department of Infection Management,Fuyang People's Hospital,236000,China)
出处
《传染病信息》
2018年第4期338-341,共4页
Infectious Disease Information
关键词
教学医院
职业暴露
危险因素
teaching hospital
occupational exposure
risk factors
