摘要
华北克拉通金成矿具区域差异性。这种差异性主要表现为时间上的阶段性或多期性,空间上的不均匀性和局部集中性。在空间上,金矿主要集中分布于胶东、鲁西、小秦岭、熊耳山、冀东、辽西、辽东及吉林南部等地区。元素组合上,华北克拉通北缘为强烈的金钼铜矿化,南缘发育金钼矿化,而东缘则以金矿化为特征;早期为金钼铅锌矿,到主期为金矿,晚期为金银组合。华北克拉通金矿的成矿时代以早白垩世为主,次为中—晚三叠世,少量为侏罗纪,其中小秦岭、熊耳山、太行山地区金矿的成矿年龄总体稍大于胶东金矿年龄,冀东的金厂峪、峪耳崖和牛心山等几个大中型金矿形成于三叠纪—侏罗纪,辽东地区白云、猫岭等金矿的成矿时代为三叠纪—侏罗纪。由此可见,华北克拉通金矿的成矿时代除大体具一致性外,成矿时代差异性也是一大特征。华北克拉通金矿分布的差异性主要受区域及周边地质体的构造演化及其相互作用、矿区变质岩基底遭受后期热液蚀变和金活化迁移作用、中生代岩浆活动等因素控制。中侏罗世及其以前,华北克拉通的构造演化主要受中亚造山带和秦岭—大别造山带的影响,在华北克拉通北缘发生了挤压到伸展作用的转变,局部出现地幔上隆与岩石圈减薄,沿EW向发育了一系列三叠纪—早侏罗世岩浆活动,甚至出现碱性岩,同时形成了一系列金钼铜矿床和金矿床。这也是华北克拉通形成后在北缘遭受的首次克拉通破坏与金矿成矿事件。在白垩纪及其以后,华北克拉通地质演化主要受古太平洋板块活动的引领,华北克拉通遭受大规模岩石圈减薄和破坏,由此引发金矿的更大规模成矿作用。金矿区变质岩围岩能否提供成矿物质,并不完全取决于Au含量,而是决定于是否发生一种或多种地质作用,能够把岩石中的金活化和萃取出来,同时被热液搬运
The gold mineralization of the North China Craton(NCC)is not uniform.This inhomogeneity mainly is reflected by the spatial dispersity and local concentration,and the multi-periods of gold-forming.Gold deposits are mainly converged in Jiaodong,western Shandong,Xiaoqinling,Xiong er Mountain,eastern Hebei,western and eastern Liaoning and southern Jilin.The northern margin of the NCC is strongly enriched in Au,Mo and Cu,and the southern margin is enriched in Au and Mo,while the eastern margin is characterized by Au.Early period is Au-Mo-Pb-Zn combination,the peak is Au,and the late is Au-Ag combination.Early Cretaceous is the main gold metallogenic epoch of the NCC,then is the Middle-Late Triassic and Jurassic.Generally,the gold mineralization time of Xiaoqinling,Xiong er Mountain and Taihang Mountain is a little earlier than Jiaodong gold deposit;Jinchangyu,Yu erya and Niuxinshan gold deposits in the eastern Hebei,as well as Baiyun and Maoling gold deposits in the western Liaoning are formed in Triassic-Jurassic.Overall,the inhomogeneity of gold deposits in the NCC is characterized by the differences of the ore-forming time.The uneven distribution of the NCC gold deposits is comprehensive controlled by the tectonic evolution and interaction of the regional geological bodies,the hydrothermal alteration and gold activation and migration of the metamorphic basement,and the Mesozoic magma activity.In the Middle Jurassic and before,the tectonic evolution of the NCC is mainly influenced by the Central Asian orogenic belt and the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt.The northern margin of the NCC occurs the transition from extrusion to extension,and in local develops mantle upwelling and lithospheric thinning,and a series of Triassic to Early Jurassic magmatic activities along the EW direction,and even the presence of alkaline rocks,generating a series of Au-Mo-Cu deposits.This is the first craton destruction and gold mineralization event that occurred in the northern margin after the formation of the NCC.In the Cretaceous and afte
作者
张连昌
白阳
朱明田
黄柯
ZHANG Lian-chang;BAI Yang;ZHU Ming-tian;HUANG Ke(Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Institutions of Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《地球科学与环境学报》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第4期363-380,共18页
Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0600106)
国家自然科学基金项目(41572073)
关键词
华北克拉通
克拉通破坏
岩石圈减薄
构造演化
中生代
金矿
成矿差异性
North China Craton
craton destruction
lithospheric thinning
tectonic evolution
Mesozoic
gold deposit
metallogenic difference
