摘要
[目的]我国粮食生产经历了依靠品种更新和肥料施用而达到高产的发展阶段。当前的高产农业基本上以高肥料投入为代价。但这带来了肥料利用率不断下降,养分资源流失而加剧农业非点源污染。因此精确施肥成为我国农业养分利用与施肥技术发展的方向。[方法]本研究于2017年在山西省中部地区通过田间试验,设4个处理(处理1:不施肥,处理2:施基肥,处理3:施试验肥,处理4:施硝酸磷肥)研究追施复合肥方式对玉米光合作用、生长、产量的影响。[结果]经试验肥处理,秃尖长下降,株高、光合参数、叶绿素含量、叶干重、茎干重、茎粗、穗长、穗粗、行粒数、单穗粒重、千粒重上升,茎粗、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、单穗粒重、千粒重分别达2.71 mm、19.1cm、5.3cm、40、237.2g、393.3g,公顷产量由11 760kg上升至14 235kg,处理3的产量最高,较处理4增产21%。[结论]说明新型配比化肥对玉米生长和产量有利,这种施肥方式减少了田间操作次数,降低经济成本,具有广阔应用前景。
[Objective]Cereal production in China has experienced several developmental stages based on crop cultivar innovation and fertilizer application and modification.Presently,high agricultural production mainly relies on high application rate of chemical fertilizers starting from 1990's.However,widespread utilization of fertilizers at a higher than necessary rate resulted in lowered use efficiency and increased surface and ground water pollution from farmlands.Therefore,precise fertilization has been a new frontier for nutrition and fertilization technology development in agriculture.[Methods]The field experiment was conducted in middle region of Jilin province in 2017.Four treatments,including non fertilizer(T1),basic fertilizer(T2),tested fertilizer(T3),and nitrophosphate(T4),were set up in the field.The effects of dressing nitrogen application methods on photosynthetic and developmental rate as well as yield of corns in different treatments were determined.[Results]Study produced a descent result in T3 treatment,which showed shorter bald length,and improved traits on plant height,photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll content,leaf dry weight,stem dry weight,stems thick,spike length,ear thick,line grain,grain weight per spike,and thousand grain weight.Amongst those traits,stems thick,spike length,ear thick,line grain,grain weight per spike,and thousand grain weight were increased by 2.71 mm,19.1 cm,5.3 cm,40,237.2 g,and 393.3 g,respectively.Hectare yield was increased from 1 1760 kg to 14 235 kg,and grain yield was significantly higher in all T2,T3,and T4 treatments compared to control treatment T1.[Conclusion]The study demonstrated that the new formula fertilizers are functional in term of improving the growth rate and yield of corns.This fertilization method decreases the frequency of field operations,reduces the cost,and provides an adoptable application strategy.
作者
阎世江
褚清河
周运宁
张治家
Yan Shijiang;Chu Qinghe;Zhou Yunning;Zhang Zhijia(Vegetable Research Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science,Taiyuan 030031,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shanxi White Agriculture Research Development Center,Taiyuan 030031,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science,Taiyuan 030031,China)
出处
《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第8期20-24,共5页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201603D21110-4)
