摘要
为探索不同灌溉施肥处理在葡萄上的应用效果,以“无核白”葡萄品种为试材,设置了4种灌溉施肥处理(常规灌溉施肥、滴灌施肥、2/3滴灌施肥、l/2滴灌施肥),研究其对无核白葡萄新梢长度、茎粗、根系、产量及水分生产效率的影响。结果表明,在一定自然条件下,滴灌施肥处理可明显促进根系生长发育,对无核白葡萄前期的地上部生长发育有较大作用;施肥总量一致的前提下,采用滴灌施肥有利于保障无核白葡萄的有效开花坐果,增加穗粒质量,从而提高产量。生育期灌水6 000 m3/hm2的滴灌施肥模式,较常规灌溉施肥方式节省灌水50%前提下,产量达26 325 kg/hm2,提高2 521 kg/hm2;水分生产效率5.857 kg/m3,提高2.813 kg/m3。因此,滴灌施肥技术在无核白葡萄上具有较好的应用效果,可在有条件的地方大面积示范推广。
In order to explore the effects of different irrigation and fertilization methods on grapes,“Thompson Seedless”was selected as the sample.While four different irrigation and fertilization methods(Conventional irrigation and fertilization;drip irrigation and fertilization、2/3 drip irrigation and fertilization and 1/2 drip irrigation and fertilization)were deployed to measure their effects on sample's length of new tip,root,yield and water use efficiency.As the results indicated:under the condition of natural rainfall,drip irrigation and fertilization could significantly improve the root growth,and also had a greater impact on the aboveground growth of the sample at its early growth stage.In addition,under the same fertilization amount,drip irrigation and fertilization would be more helpful for increasing the number of ears and grain number per spike,resulting in the increase of grain yield.By setting the drip water usage to 6000 m3/hm2,half amount of water was saved comparing with conventional methods,while yield achieved 26235 kg/hm2,with the increase of 2 521 kg/hm2,additionally water utilization efficiency was enhanced to 5.857 kg/m3,with the increase of 2.813 kg/m3.Therefore,the technique of drip irrigation and fertilization has a better application prospects on"Thompson Seedless cultivation",and this technique could be further promoted under permitted conditions.
作者
郭绍杰
王立生
单鸿臣
李铭
张静
苏学德
李鹏程
王建春
袁余
GUO Shao-jie;WANG Li-sheng;SHAN Hong-chen;LI Ming;ZHANG Jing;SU Xue-de;LI Peng-cheng;WANG Jian-chun;Yuan Yu(Institute of Horticulture,XinJiang Academy of Agricultural And Reclamation Science,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000;Forestry Management General Station of XPCC,Wulumiqi Xinjiang 830011;The 8st Agricultural Division of XPCC,Shihezi 832000;The 13st Agricultural Division of XPCC,Hami Xinjiang 839000)
出处
《绿洲农业科学与工程》
2018年第1期29-34,共6页
Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering
基金
国家科技支撑项目(2014BAD16B06)
兵团攻关项目(2015AC012)。
关键词
无核白葡萄
滴灌施肥
产量
水分生产效率
Thompson Seedless
Drip irrigation and fertilization
Yield
Water utilization efficiency
