摘要
为给稻茬晚播小麦高产、稳产栽培提供参考,以扬麦23为材料,在稻茬晚播(12月5日,较适播期晚约30~40d)条件下设置不同密度、氮肥施用量及运筹处理,按产量高低划分为不同产量水平群体(≥6 750kg·hm^(-2)高产;6 000~6 750kg·hm^(-2)中产;<6 000kg·hm^(-2)低产),研究了晚播小麦高产群体的产量及其结构、群体质量特征和光合特性。结果表明,稻茬晚播条件下,产量大于6 750kg·hm^(-2)小麦高产群体的平均穗数、穗粒数、千粒重分别为516×104·hm^(-2)、36粒、39.8g。通径分析表明,穗数对产量的影响最大,穗粒数与千粒重的影响较小。稻茬晚播小麦在以下条件下有利于达到6 750kg·hm^(-2)产量水平:拔节期、开花期茎蘖数在1 350×104·hm^(-2)、700×104·hm^(-2)左右,茎蘖成穗率为38%左右;开花期的干物质积累量为13 500kg·hm^(-2)左右,成熟期为18 500kg·hm^(-2)以上,花后干物质积累量大于5 300kg·hm^(-2);孕穗期、开花期、乳熟期LAI控制在7.5、5.5、3.5左右;提高花后旗叶SPAD值以及净光合速率,尤其是乳熟期。本试验条件下,稻茬晚播小麦实现高产的最佳组合为密度330×104株·hm^(-2)、施氮量225kg·hm^(-2)和氮肥运筹6∶0∶2∶2处理。
In order to provide reference for late sowing wheat after rice,a field experiment was done to investigate grain yield and its components,population quality and photosynthetic characteristics of late sowing wheat.We have established different treatments through density,nitrogen rate and ratio.The populations with yield level≥6 750 kg·hm-2,6 000-6 750 kg·hm-2 and<6 000 kg·hm-2 were classified by the yield.The results showed that the high-yielding population(yield≥6 750 kg·hm-2)was characterized with 520×10 4·hm-2 spikes,36 grains per spike,and about 40.0 g for 1 000 grains weight.Path analysis showed that the direct effect of panicle number on yield was the biggest,and the effects of kernels per spike and grain weight were small.The tiller number at the jointing and anthesis stages were about 1 350×10 4·hm-2 and 700×10 4·hm-2,respectively.The earing percentage of main stem and tillers was 38%.The dry matter accumulation amount at anthesis,maturity and post-anthesis were about 1 350 kg·hm-2,18 000 kg·hm-2 and 5 300 kg·hm-2,respectively.At booting,anthesis and milking stages,the suitable leaf area indices(LAI)were about 7.5,5.5 and 3.5,respectively.The results also showed that the increase of SPAD and photosynthetic rate in flag leaves at milking stage was beneficial to get the yield level of 6 750 kg·hm-2.The optimal combination for high-yielding population of late sowing wheat was designed with seedling density of 330×10 4 plants·hm-2,total nitrogen amount of 225 kg·hm-2 with nitrogen management before seeding,tillering,jointing and booting stages 6∶0∶2∶2.
作者
张明伟
马泉
丁锦峰
李春燕
朱新开
封超年
郭文善
ZHANG Mingwei;MA Quan;DING Jinfeng;LI Chunyan;ZHU Xinkai;FENG Chaonian;GUO Wenshan(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Wheat Research Center,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期445-454,共10页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300107)
扬州市优秀青年基金项目(YZ2017098)
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(15)1002)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目
江苏高校优秀科技创新团队项目
扬州大学科技创新团队项目
关键词
稻茬小麦
晚播
高产群体特征
密度
氮肥
Wheat in rice-wheat rotation
Late sowing
High-yielding population quality
Planting density
Nitrogen fertilizer
