摘要
本文从空间经济学视野切入,探讨什么样的集聚经济更能激励人们创业。理论研究揭示:专业化和多样化集聚经济分别通过不同的机制促进创业。从动态角度看,我国专业化集聚的现实特征使得多样化集聚经济而非专业化集聚经济对创业企业产生可持续的影响。这一理论推论得到了基于个体微观数据与城市数据相匹配的实证支持。在此基础上围绕创业企业发展和创业动机的对比研究揭示,生存型小规模创业不仅受益于城市多样化外部性,也受益于城市专业化外部性,但多样化外部性对规模较大的机会型创业的影响更为显著。进一步的研究表明,上下游行业关联是多样化外部性促进我国创业的重要渠道。
The entrepreneurshipenhancing effect of urban agglomeration has attracted increasing attention in the economic literature over the last decade.Findings on this effect have been important motivations for the Chinese governments new urbanization strategy.However,studies have focused on the U.S.A.and European countries.Theoretical and empirical analysis for cities in developing countries,including those in China,is lacking.This paper fills this gap by assessing the extent to which urban agglomeration affects entrepreneurship in China.We begin our analysis by proposing a mechanismbased framework to study the precise channels through which urban agglomeration contributes to entrepreneurship.Our theoretical framework shows that different types of urban agglomeration affect entrepreneurship in different ways.Specialization externalities promote entrepreneurship through specialized labor market pooling,specialized production networks,and withinindustry knowledge spillovers.Diversity externalities promote entrepreneurship through interindustry labor sharing,inputoutput linkages,and interindustry knowledge spillovers.As a transforming economy,the challenges currently facing Chinas specialized industrial districts limit the entrepreneurship enhancing effect of specialization externalities,which makes diversity externalities rather than specialization externalities have a lasting effect on entrepreneurship in China.Based on this theoretical framework,we combine individuallevel data from the Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP)with citylevel data from the China Urban Statistical Yearbook to estimate the effect of urban agglomeration on entrepreneurship.The empirical analysis shows that diversity externalities have a positive effect on individual entrepreneurial choice,whereas specialization externalities have no impact on individual entrepreneurial choice.This finding holds true in a series of robustness checks.Our heterogeneity analysis shows that smaller and subsistence entrepreneurs benefit
作者
张萃
王红梅
ZHANG Cui(School of Economics,Jinan University)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期151-166,共16页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(71333007)、国家自然科学基金(71403102)、广东省自然科学基金(2014A030313371)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(15JNQM020)资助。
关键词
城市
集聚经济
创业
作用机制
Cities
Agglomeration Economies
Entrepreneurship
Mechanisms
