摘要
日本莽草在日本是一种重要的佛事用切枝植物,同时也是优良的观赏植物,在上海及江浙地区具有良好的应用前景。为探索日本莽草在上海地区的实生苗繁育技术,对其开花结实规律进行观察分析,并探讨播种时期及种子贮藏方法、采种时期等对成苗的影响。结果表明:日本莽草在上海地区花期为3月中旬至5月中旬,果实于10月中下旬成熟,成熟种子千粒重为81.3—90.9 g;采用秋季播种(随采随播)的方法育苗效果最好,成苗率达89.11%,其次是将种子进行低温层积沙藏后翌年春季育苗,成苗率为48.33%;普通干藏和低温干藏后种子成苗率非常低,只有6.33%和18.44%;植株上70%的果实略有开裂时采集的种子育苗成苗率为90.89%,90%的果实略有开裂时成苗率为56.89%,前者比后者显著提高。进而提出了日本莽草实生苗繁育的关键技术为:在植株上有约70%的果实略有开裂时进行种子采集,并进行随采随播;如果不具备及时播种的条件,应采用低温层积沙藏的方法贮藏种子,于翌年春季进行播种。
As an important kind of cut branches ornamental plant used in some rites of ancestral worship in Japan,Illicium anisatum has a good application prospect in landscape of Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas.In order to build seedling propagation techniques of I.anisatum,flowering and fructification rules were observed in Shanghai area,and effects of living seedlings of I.anisatum by different sowing time,storage methods and seed collection periods were also studied.The results showed that flowering time of I.anisatum in Shanghai area was middle March to middle May,fruits matured in mid to late October,thousand seed weight of mature seeds were 81.3-90.9 g;Sowing the seeds immediately after harvest in autumn could obtain the best effective results,living seedlings percentage could reach 89.11%.The second best effective method was storing the seeds in low temperature sand stratification and sowing in the next spring,the living seedlings percentage was 48.33%;After the ordinary dry storage and low temperature dry storage,the living seedlings percentages were very low,only 6.33%and 18.44%.At the situation of 70%fruit mature to slightly cracking on a single plant,the living seedlings percentage was 90.89%,while 90%fruit mature to slightly cracking was 56.89%,the living seedlings percentage was 56.89%,so the former significantly higher than the latter.The seedling propagation techniques of I.anisatum were summarized:Collecting seeds at the situation of 70%fruit mature to slightly cracking on a single plant,sowing the seeds immediately after harvest;Without such sowing conditions,storing the seeds in low temperature sand stratification,and sowing in the next spring.
作者
孙翊
朱建军
殷丽青
竺唯杰
王云峰
杨柳燕
冯友良
SUN Yi;ZHU Jian-jun;YIN Li-qing;ZHU Wei-jie;WANG Yun-feng;YANG Liu-yan;FENG You-liang(Forestry and Pomology Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Forestry Station,Shanghai 200072,China;Shanghai Guanglin Green Seedlings Development Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201721,China)
出处
《上海农业学报》
CSCD
2018年第2期88-93,共6页
Acta Agriculturae Shanghai
基金
上海市科委项目"日本莽草的高效栽培技术集成示范与推广"(153919N1100)
上海市农委种业项目"垂直绿化植物繁育与规模化生产"[沪农科种字(2015)第13号]和[沪农科产字(2017)第8号]
关键词
日本莽草
实生苗
繁育
Illicium anisatum
Seedlings
Propagation
