摘要
为提高辽西地区花生产量和水氮利用率,本文以‘白沙1016’为对象,采取裂区试验,主区为雨养(W0)和测墒补灌(W1)两种灌溉模式,子区为0 kg·hm^(-2)(N0)、40 kg·hm^(-2)(N1)、60 kg·hm^(-2)(N2)和80 kg·hm^(-2)(N3)4个施氮水平,研究施氮对测墒补灌条件下花生干物质积累和氮素积累及分配的影响。试验结果表明:在雨养和测墒补灌条件下,花生成熟期的单株干物质量分别为64.66~74.92 g和71.65~92.81 g,以W1N3处理最高,W0N0最低,且随施氮量呈现二次曲线变化趋势。花生植株氮积累量随施氮量变化趋势与干物质量一致,W1N2较其他处理显著提高了氮素积累量、产量和水分利用效率。测墒补灌优化了花生植株中氮素的分配,延长了叶片氮素积累时长,同时提高了叶片氮素向荚果的转移量,继而相对雨养处理显著增加了花生荚果氮积累量所占植株氮积累总量的比重(氮收获系数)2.13%、氮肥农学利用率78.57%、氮肥表观回收率25.90%。花生收获后,土壤硝态氮主要分布在0~40 cm土层内,占0~60 cm土层的77.75%,且累积量随着施氮量的增高而增加,但补灌会使土壤硝态氮下移造成硝态氮淋失。因此,综合考虑水氮利用效率,在辽西半干旱地区推荐W1N2为适宜花生生产水氮管理,其产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率最高,分别为6 485.03 kg·hm^(-2)、2.02 kg·m^(-3)和10.21kg·m^(-3)。
Rainfed agriculture is a mode of critical production which relies on natural rainfall in arid and semiarid regions.However,it causes crop yield instability due to frequent insufficient water supply at key growth stages of crops.Thus supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture has been widely adopted as an alternative water-saving irrigation method.To determine the effects of different nitrogen(N)application rates on nitrogen absorption and distribution,yield of peanut and soil nitrate accumulation under rainfed or supplementary irrigation conditions,a split plot experiment was conducted using the‘Baisha1016’peanut variety with different N and irrigation managements in semiarid region of West Liaoning Province.The aim of the study was to explore suitable water and N managements and provide support for“modulate N with water”in peanut cultivation in semiarid regions.The irrigation treatments included W0(rainfed condition)and W1(supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture with the lower limit of soil water content of55%of field capacity).The N treatments included N0[noN],N1[40kg(N)·hm-2],N2[60kg(N)·hm-2]and N3[80kg(N)·hm-2].The results indicated that biomass and plant N uptake were highest under W1N2treatment(supplemental irrigation at N application rate of60kg·hm-2)among all treatments at maturity stage of peanut.The yield and nitrogen accumulation of peanut increased with increasing nitrogen,but decreased at N3dose.N application rate,irrigation mode and their interactions significantly affected yield,water use efficiency(WUE),N use efficiency(NUE)[including N agronomic efficiency(NAE),grain N recovery efficiency(GRE)and apparent N recovery efficiency(NRE),and N harvest index(NHI)].Total plant pod N accumulation greatly increased due to the optimal distribution of N nutrient in peanut,and accelerated N transfer from leaf to kernel under W1treatment.This created beneficial effects on increasing total plant pod N accumulation,peanut harvest index,agronomic N efficiency and yield.Compared with W0,W1in
作者
胡家齐
夏桂敏
张
张柏纶
迟道才
HU Jiaqi;XIA Guimin;ZHANG Yan;ZHANG Bailun;CHI Daocai(College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期96-105,共10页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303125)资助~~
关键词
花生
雨养
测墒补灌
施氮量
氮素吸收与转化
硝态氮
水氮利用率
Peanut
Rainfed
Supplemental irrigation
Nitrogen application rate
Nitrogen absorption and transfer
Nitrate nitrogen
Nitrogen and water use efficiency
