摘要
气凝胶是湿凝胶在脱除液相介质的同时保持体积尽可能不收缩而得到的超多孔结构。气凝胶材料由于具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、密度低、热导率极低等特点,在分离材料、绝热材料、高能物理、高效催化剂及催化剂载体、气体及生物传感器、低介电常数材料和电极材料等很多方面均显示着巨大的应用潜力,被称为"将改变世界的神奇材料"。早在20世纪末,欧美等发达国家和地区已开始了气凝胶材料的工业化生产。近年来,我国也呈现出将气凝胶产业化的大趋势。本文回顾与总结了气凝胶材料的研究现状和最新研究进展,结合气凝胶材料自身的优势阐述了各类气凝胶材料的典型应用及市场前景,对气凝胶材料的开发与应用进行了多方位的阐述,归纳了当前阶段存在的关键问题,并展望了其发展趋势。
Aerogels is a super-porous structure obtained by removing the liquid phase from the gel without shrinkage in volume as far as possible.It has the characteristics of extremely large specific surface area,high porosity,low density and low thermal conductivity,which make it shown great potential application in many fields,such as separation materials,thermal insulating materials,high energy physics,high efficiency catalysts and catalyst carriers,gas and biosensors,low dielectric constant materials and electrode materials etc.So it is named as“amagical material will change the world”.From the end of the20th century,the industrial production of aerogels has begun in many developed countries such as the United States and Europe Union.In recent years,it also begunin China.In this article,the status and the latest research results and progress of aerogels materials was reviewed,and the typical application and market prospect of various types of aerogels were elaborated,as well as the development trend and application prospect of aerogels were described from different aspects.
作者
乐弦
章婷
贾欢欢
李华鑫
向军辉
Yue Xian;Zhang Ting;Jia Huanhuan;Li Huaxin;Xiang Junhui(College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China)
