摘要
马克思民主观与熊彼特民主观是社会主义与资本主义两种意识形态在民主议题上两条完全不同的水道,通过比较分析这两种民主观,有助于还原民主的实质,澄清人们在民主问题上的错误认识,为确证社会主义民主的优越性提供思路。从本质上说,熊彼特民主观是一种"经济政治学"民主观,马克思民主观是一种"政治经济学"民主观,二者的根本区别在于是否秉持唯物史观与人民主体立场。熊彼特的民主观在方法论上以现代生产的经济技术形式抽空了民主的社会历史规定性和人民主体立场;马克思民主观则始终秉持唯物史观与人民主体立场,故其在民主结论、民主起点、民主方法及民主场域上,较熊彼特民主观有着高位格的理论品质。而从实践层面考察,马克思民主观指导下的中国特色社会主义政治民主模式较熊彼特民主观指导下的欧洲社会民主主义民主模式,在民主形式、民主对象与民主传播上也具备高位格的实践品质。
Marx's and Schumpeter's democratic views are two completely different paths on democratic issues.Inideology,the former is socialism and the latter is capitalism.By making a comparison between these two paths ofdemocratic view,we can restore the essence of democracy and clarity the mistakes people have made in understandingdemocracy so as to provide a better method to verify the priority of socialist democracy.In essence,Schumpeter’sdemocratic view is from the perspective of Economic Politics,while Marx’s democratic view is based on theperspective of Political Economy.The fundamental difference between the two is whether it adheres to the historicalmaterialism or people’s subjective view.On epistemology,the social and historical provisions of democracy and thepeople’s subjective view in Schumpeter’s democratic view have been removed by the modern form of economic andtechnological production,while Marx’s democratic view has always been adhering to the historical materialism and thepeople’s subjective view.Hence,either on the conclusion,the starting point,the method or field of democracy,Marx’sdemocratic view has higher quality than Schumpeter’s in theoretical characteristics.In practice,the democratic politicalmodel with Chinese characteristics based on the Marx’democratic view is higher in democratic form,democratic objectas well as democratic communication than the European social democratic model guided by the Schumpeter’sdemocratic view.
作者
张卫良
胡文根
ZHANG Weiliang;HU Wengen(College of Marxism, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)
出处
《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2017年第5期122-128,共7页
Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金项目"思想政治教育主体培育的文化认同机制及创新途径研究"(15BKS101)
湖南省重点马克思主义学院专项研究重大项目"发展21世纪中国马克思主义的语境
逻辑与路径研究"(2016ZDAM05)
关键词
马克思民主观
熊彼特民主观
高位格
理论品质
实践品质
Marx’s democratic view
Schumpeter’s democratic view
higher quality
theoretical quality
practical quality
