摘要
【目的】研究田间摘除脚叶和顶叶对烤烟不同叶位单叶重及烟叶产质量的影响,以期为制订田间鲜烟叶处理措施、优化烟叶结构及提升烟叶质量提供参考依据。【方法】以云烟97为参试品种,设3种打叶模式处理,处理1(T1,CK):团棵期(移栽后约40 d)打掉底部奶脚叶,现蕾期烟株第一朵中心花开时(移栽后约60 d)打顶,将花枝连同其上多余叶片一同打去,留叶数18片;处理2(T2):在T1基础上,打顶时多打掉最下面的2片叶,留叶数16片;处理3(T3):在T2基础上,打顶后20 d再打掉最上部的2片叶,留叶数14片。对各处理不同叶位叶片挂牌标记,按生产标准采收烘烤,逐片分级、称重,计算单叶重、产量、产值、均价及等级结构等指标。【结果】随着烟株留叶数的减少,平均单叶鲜、干重均逐渐增加,表现为T1<T2<T3,且不同打叶模式处理间的平均单叶鲜、干重差异均达显著水平(P<0.05,下同)。不同打叶模式处理间单叶重的差异主要表现在中部叶(7~12叶位)和上部叶(13~18叶位),而下部叶(3~6叶位)的差异不明显。不同打叶模式处理的产量排序为T1(2818.9 kg/ha)>T2(2734.5 kg/ha)>T3(2583.0 kg/ha);T2的上中等烟比例和产值最高,分别为90.18%和61493.1元/ha,与T1差异不显著(P>0.05),两者均显著高于T3。【结论】打顶时多摘除2片脚叶可适度增加单叶重,提高烟叶上中等烟比例、均价,产量损失较轻,产值较高;但打顶后20 d再多摘除2片顶叶会导致中、上部叶位单叶重偏重,质量等级下降,对产量、产值造成较大损失。田间进行打叶操作时,建议采用打顶时多打掉2片脚叶的方法,根据烟株长势和营养状况谨慎选择是否在后期再打除2片顶叶。
【Objective】Effects of removing bottom and upper leaves on weight per leaf of leaves at different positions and tobacco quality were studied to offer a basis for formulating fresh tobacco leaf treatment measures in field,optimizing tobacco structure and improving tobacco quality.【Method】A field experiment was carried out using tobacco variety Yunyan97.There were three treatments.Treatment1(T1,CK):removed the orignal leaves at the bottom of stick at resettling stage(about40d after transplant),and removed the flower branches and extra leaves on it at squaring stage when the first center flower bloomed(about60d after transplant),maintaining18leaves per plant.Treatment2(T2):on the basis of T1,removed two more leaves at the bottom of the tobacco plant at topping stage and maintained16leaves per plant.Treatment3(T3):on the basis of T2,removed two more leaves at the top of the tobacco plant20d after topping,and maintained14leaves per plant.The leaves at different positions of tested plants were labeled.According to production standards,the leaves of the tested plants were harvested and cured,and every leaves were graded and weighted one by one,then weight per leaf,yield,output value,average price,grade structure and other indicators were calculated.【Result】Asthe number of leaves remained decreased,both the average fresh weight per leaf and average dry weight per leaf increased and presented T1<T2<T3.The differences in average fresh weight per leaf and average dry weight per leaf among different threshing patterns were significant(P<0.05,the same below).The difference in weight per leaf among different treatments mainly existed in middle leaves(leaf position No.7-12)and upper leaves(leaf position No.13-18),no significant difference in lower leaves(leaf position No.3-6)was detected.The yield rank in different threshing patterns was T1(2818.9kg/ha)>T2(2734.5kg/ha)>T3(2583.0kg/ha).In T2,first-and-second-class rate(90.18%)and production value(61493.1yuan/ha)were the highest,but it was not significantly different f
作者
刘丽
贾春雷
叶为民
张永华
戴秀梅
张建奎
LIU Li;JIA Chun-lei;YEWei-min;ZHANG Yong-hua;DAI Xiu-mei;ZHANG Jian-kui(China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510145,China;Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute,Southwest University,Beibei,Chongqing 400710,China;Qujing Branch,Yunnan Tobacco Company,Qujing,Yunnan 655000,China;Pengshui Branch,Chongqing Tobacco Company,Pengshui,Chongqing 409600,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第9期1574-1580,共7页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家烟草专卖局重大专项项目(TS-02-20110015)
广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(粤烟工05XM-QK[2013]016)
关键词
烤烟
不适用鲜烟叶
打叶模式
叶位
单叶重
产质量
flue-cured tobacco
unsuitable for fresh leaf
threshing pattern
leaf position
weight per leaf
yield and quality
