摘要
合理的灌水、施氮量对提高小油菜养分利用率、控制面源污染具有重要意义。本文采用盆栽试验,利用^(15)N同位素示踪技术,研究不同灌水水平(W_1:60%θ_f;W_2:75%θ_f;W_3:90%θ_f。θ_f为田间持水量)和施氮量(N_0:0 g·kg^(-1);N_1:0.1 g·kg^(-1);N_2:0.2 g·kg^(-1);N_3:0.3 g·kg^(-1))对小油菜养分吸收、产量及水氮利用率的影响。结果表明:灌水水平与施氮量对小油菜根系与叶片氮、磷、钾含量均有显著影响,且叶片含磷量受水氮交互作用的显著影响。叶片氮、钾含量显著大于根系。增加灌水,小油菜含磷量与根系含氮量增加,含钾量及叶片含氮量降低;施氮能增加小油菜氮、钾含量,降低含磷量。灌水与施氮对小油菜氮、磷、钾吸收总量均有显著影响,且磷、钾吸收量受水氮交互作用的影响显著,中水低氮处理(W_2N_1)各养分吸收量均最大。小油菜产量受灌水水平和施氮量的显著影响,表现为随灌水水平的提高而增加,随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。灌溉水分利用效率(IWUE)受施氮量及水氮互作的显著影响,随施氮量增加,IWUE变化与产量变化一致。灌水与施氮对^(15)N肥料去向有显著影响,且肥料利用率受水氮互作的显著影响。随灌水水平提高,肥料利用率呈增加趋势,中水处理肥料残留率最低,损失率最高。随施氮量增加,肥料利用率不断降低,损失率呈增加的趋势。本试验条件下,综合考虑小油菜养分吸收、产量及水氮利用率,W_3N_1、W_2N_1组合为推荐水氮处理。
Excessive fertilizer and irrigation are often used in greenhouse cultivation in order to ensure adequate and profitable yield of vegetables.This has led to the pollution of agricultural environment that in turn hindered sustainable agricultural development.Reasonable application of irrigation and nitrogen is vital for enhancing nutrient use efficiency and controlling non-point source pollution.Using a stable isotope of15N-traced urea,a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen applications on nutrient absorption,water/nitrogen utilization and yield of rape.The study included three irrigation levels[W1,60%θf(field capacity);W2,75%θf;and W3,90%θf]and four nitrogen rates(N0,0g·kg?1;N1,0.1g·kg?1;N2,0.2g·kg?1;and N3,0.3g·kg?1).The contents and absorptions of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by different parts of rape plant were determined along with water and nitrogen use efficiencies.The results suggested that both irrigation level and nitrogen application rate had significant effects on contents of N,P,K in the leaves and roots of rape plants.Besides,leaf P content was significantly affected by the interaction of irrigation and nitrogen.The contents of N and K in the leaves were much higher than those in the roots.While the content of P in the whole rape plant and N in the roots increased,the content of K in the whole plant and N in the leaf decreased with increasing irrigation.N application increased plant N and K contents,but reduced P content.There were significant effects of irrigation level and nitrogen rate on N,P and K uptake and the interaction effects were also prominent for P and K absorption.Medium irrigation level and low nitrogen rate(W2N1)had the highest nutrient uptake.The yield of rape was significantly affected by irrigation level and nitrogen rate.Yield increased with increasing irrigation level and a significant parabolic relationship was observed between nitrogen rate and yield.The application rate of nitrogen and the interaction of irrigati
作者
高娜
张玉龙
刘玉
廖常健
吴汉卿
张玉玲
邹洪涛
虞娜
GAO Na;ZHANG Yulong;LIU Yu;LIAO Changjian;WU Hanqing;ZHANG Yuling;ZOU Hongtao;YU Na(College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University / National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resource / Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang 110866, China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期821-828,共8页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41401322)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B01-6)
农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室开放基金(2015NYBKFT-01)资助~~
关键词
小油菜
水氮调控
养分吸收
水分利用效率
氮肥利用率
Rape
Water-nitrogen regulation
Nutrient absorption
Water use efficiency
Nitrogen use efficiency
