摘要
【目的】探究不同秧龄下机插方式与密度对杂交稻光合生产及产量的影响,为水稻机插秧配套技术的应用提供理论和实践依据,【方法】以超级杂交稻F优498为材料,采用两因素裂区试验设计,在25 d和40 d秧龄下,设置"钵苗机插+高密度(M_1D_1)"、"钵苗机插+中密度(M_1D_2)"、"钵苗机插+低密度(M_1D_3)"、"毯苗机插+高密度(M_2D_4)"、"毯苗机插+中密度(M_2D_5)"、"毯苗机插+低密度(M_2D_6)"6种机插方式与密度的处理开展试验。【结果】秧龄与插秧方式和密度对水稻主要生育期光合生产及最终产量均存在显著的调控作用,且互作效应显著。同一机插方式及密度处理下,机插25 d秧龄水稻的秧苗素质、群体茎蘖数、叶面积指数(LAI)、单茎叶片和茎鞘表观转运量及转运率、单茎和群体干物质量、阶段干物质积累量、群体生长率、光合势、抽穗后净同化率以及产量均明显优于40 d秧龄处理。同一秧龄和机插方式下,水稻群体茎蘖数、各时期LAI和衰减率、群体干物质量、光合势以及抽穗前干物质积累量、群体生长率、净同化率均表现出随密度的增加而增加的趋势;而抽穗后物质积累量、群体生长率、净同化率在25 d秧龄下钵苗机插均表现为随着密度的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,以M_1D_2处理最优,而毯苗机插则表现为随着密度的降低而降低的趋势,且钵苗机插各指标较毯苗优势明显。25 d秧龄下,钵苗机插行距33 cm、配套株距14.5~15.5 cm,因群体总颖花数、结实率的优势,产量显著高于其余处理,其中又以行距33 cm、株距15.5 cm最能充分发挥其杂交籼稻株型的优势,提高光合物质生产,产量最高可达到12.74 t/hm^2,是本研究最佳组合;而毯苗机插随秧龄增大以及栽插密度的降低,群体质量指标恶化,有效穗数不同程度降低,产量并不高。
【Objective】In order to elucidate the effects of mechanical transplanting modes and density on photosynthetic production characteristics and yield of super hybrid rice(F you498)and to lay a theoretical basis for the application of mechanical transplanting,【Method】a split-plot design was used as follows:bowl mechanical-transplanting with high density(M1D1),bowl mechanical-transplanting with middle density(M1D2),bowl mechanical-transplanting with low density(M1D3),carpet mechanical-transplanting with high density(M2D4),carpet mechanical-transplanting with middle density(M2D5),and carpet mechanical-transplanting with low density(M2D6)using25-day-old and40-day-old seedlings.【Result】The seedling-age and mechanically-transplanted modes coupled with density and grain yield played a significant role in the regulation of main growth stages in rice.The seedling quality,number of tillers,leaf area index(LAI),exportation and export rate of leaf,culm and sheath per shoot,dry matter weight per stem and population,dry matter accumulation during each stage,population growth rate,photosynthetic potential,net assimilation rate after heading stage and yield for25-day-old seedling were significantly better than those of40-day-old ones under the same mechanical-transplanting modes and density.The number of stems and tillers,leaf area index of each period and leaf area decay rate,dry matter weight of population,photosynthetic potential,and the dry matter accumulation before heading population growth rate,net assimilation rate before heading stage increased with the increasing density at the same seedling-age and mechanical-transplanting modes.The dry matter accumulation after heading,population growth rate,and net assimilation rate after heading under bowl mechanical-transplanting increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of density.In this experiment,M1D2is the best.【Conclusion】For25-day-old seedlings,the row of33cm and planting space of15.5cm had the advantages of total spikelet number and seed setting ra
作者
李应洪
王海月
吕腾飞
张绍文
蒋明金
何巧林
孙永健
马均
LI Yinghong;WANG Haiyue;Lü Tengfei;ZHANG Shaowen;JIANG Mingjin;HE Qiaolin;SUN Yongjian;MA Jun(Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, China)
出处
《中国水稻科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第3期265-277,共13页
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAD07B13)
四川省教育厅重点项目(16ZA0644)
四川省科技支撑计划资助项目(2014NZ0041
2014NZ0047)
关键词
秧龄
钵苗机插
毯苗机插
密度
产量
光合生产
seedling-age
bowl mechanical-transplanting
carpet mechanical-transplanting
density
yield
photosynthetic production
