摘要
通过田间小区试验,研究了减氮施肥与有机无机配施对水稻产量与养分利用率及其径流损失的影响。结果表明:施用氮肥可以显著增加早稻的单位有效穗数、每穗实粒数、株高和穗长,但对早稻千粒重及结实率无明显影响。各减氮施肥处理虽然相比于常规施肥处理早稻产量有所下降,但是氮肥利用率均高于常规施肥处理,提高了6.18~15.9个百分点。有机肥替代20%化肥处理的早稻产量较常规施肥处理增加了1.58%,且氮肥利用率提高了7.84个百分点。控释氮肥处理稻田田面水总氮、可溶性氮、铵态氮浓度均于施肥后缓慢升高,而其他施氮处理的于施肥后第1天达到最高峰,然后浓度迅速下降,其中减氮施肥处理的均明显低于常规施肥处理。由于减氮处理稻田田面水氮素含量较低,因此当暴雨等因素而产生径流时可有效降低稻田氮素流失的风险。
The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization reduction and organic and inorganic fertilizer application on rice yield, nutrient utilization efficiency and nutrient runoff loss. The results showed that: nitrogen application can significantly increase the effective panicle number per unit, Number of grains per panicle, plant height and stem length, but had no effect on 1000 grain weight and seed setting rate of the early rice. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the rice yield of nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment was slightly decreased but the nitrogen use efficiency was higher than that of conventional fertilization,which increased by 6.18-15.9 percentage prints. Compared with conventional fertilization, the yield of organic fertilizer replaced 20% fertilizer treatment was increased 1.58%, and nitrogen use efficiency increased by 7.84 percentage prints. Total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen concentration in surface water of paddy field of controlled release nitrogen fertilization treatment increased slightly after fertilization, while which reached the top and then declined rapidly of other nitrogen fertilization treatment, the nitrogen fertilizer conduction treatments were significantly lower than the conventional fertilization treatment. Because nitrogen concentration was low in surface water of paddy field of nitrogen reduction fertilization treatment, the risk of loss of nitrogen in paddy field can be reduced effectively when runoff is produced by storm and other factors.
作者
何欣
荣湘民
谢勇
石敦杰
唐丽
HE Xin;RONG Xiang-min;XIE Yong;SHI Dun-jie;TANG Li(College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PRC;National Engineering Laboratory of Resources Efficient Utilization on Soil and Fertilizer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use,Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, Changsha 410128, PRC)
出处
《湖南农业科学》
2017年第3期31-34,共4页
Hunan Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC09B01)
湖南省教育厅平台项目(15K056)
关键词
氮肥
水稻产量
氮肥利用率
氮素损失
nitrogenous fertilizer
rice yield
nitrogen use efficiency
loss of nitrogen
