摘要
当代学者对康德相容论的阐释大致有两种路径,对应着以伍德为代表的"两个世界"的先验观念论解读和以阿利森、哈德森为代表的"两个视角"的解读。但这些解释并未把握到康德论证中的要点。第一部分阐明康德持有的是一种经验的因果性原则,它与自由意志至少在概念上是不排斥的,为此将专门讨论范·英瓦根的不相容论的后果论证。第二部分将根据对康德行动概念的分析,表明康德认为本源的行动的根据在于理知的原因,行动的本质并不在于作为现象的行动的后果。因此,行动的自由和自然的必然性在康德的先验观念论立场上就能得到调和。第二部分还专门反驳了哈德森对康德行动理论的同一性理解并将康德和戴维森的行动理论做一简单比较。第三部分结合"理知的品格"和"经验性的品格"两个概念,将康德的相容性理论归纳为"我规定着规定着我的规定"这一命题,并结合"自行开始"、无时间性、"做其他事情的能力"以及归责问题详细地表明康德这一理论的含义。这一系列的分析表明了康德的工作是非常出色的,它有力且详尽的解决了有关自然与自由的相容性的各种疑问,可能也是最易为人们接受的方案。
There are two interpretative approaches to Kant'scompatibilism,which respectively correspond to two sorts of interpretation of transcendental idealism. One is 'two worlds'interpretation represented by Allen Wood,and the other is 'two perspectives'interpretation represented by Henry Allison and Hud Hudson.But these interpretations miscomprehend the essentials of Kant's argument.The first part states that Kant held a kind of the empirical causal principle,which is at least conceptually nonexclusive to the idea of free will.The analysis in this part is partly devoted to the consequence argument suggested by Van Inwagen.The second part analyzes Kant's conception of action according to Kant's thesis that the action is based on the intellectual cause,and the essence of action is not the consequence of action as phenomenon.Thus,the freedom of action and the necessity of nature can be reconciled in Kant's transcendental idealism.The second part also specifically refutes Hudson's explain of Kant's theory of action and briefly compares Kant with Donald Davidson's theory of action.Combining with the concepts of'intellectual character'and'empirical character',the third part encapsulates Kant's theory of compatibility into the proposition of'I determinate the determinations which determinate me'.Integrated with some important notions such as'starting by self','timelessness','the ability to do alternative things'and 'imputation',this part also gives a detailed account of the significance of Kant's theory.The result shows that Kant provided a powerful and detailed solution to the puzzles that baffled philosophers who speculated on the compatibility between freedom and nature,and this solution may also be the most easily accepted program.
出处
《当代中国价值观研究》
2016年第6期5-27,共23页
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values
基金
"中国政法大学优秀中青年教师培养支持计划"暨"中国政法大学校级人文社会科学项目‘康德<道德形而上学奠基>研究’"支持
关键词
相容论
经验的因果性
行动
理知的原因
理知的品格
经验性的品格
compatibilism
empirical causation
action
intellectual cause
intellectual character
empirical character
