摘要
生态系统服务产生于不同的空间和功能尺度中。场地作为生态系统服务的基本单位,尤其是在人类尺度的城市景观中,生态系统服务由其周边绿地的结构及其功能来提供。文章从场地层面对城市绿色空间的功能和服务进行综述,通过我们对3个大洲4个城市的不同生态系统服务的研究,对其进行了系统地阐释。本研究完善了场地层面对生态系统服务进行评估的方法和步骤。绿地植物结构、规模、形状和位置作为城市绿色空间的特征,与城市生态系统服务的量化研究紧密关联。本研究针对城市绿地的公共开放空间,在气候调节、生物多样性、自然体验和休闲等方面对其城市生态系统服务进行研究和评价。城市面临着土地利用变更、适应气候变化、人口变迁以及城市文化多元化等诸多挑战,这些都要求在场地层面对城市生态系统服务进行系统监测。为了发展和实施这个被提议的框架,亟需一个和城市生态系统服务紧密联系的新规划范例。
Ecosystem services are provided at different spatial and service/functional scales. The local level is the basic unit for ecosystem services, especially when it comes to the human dimension of urban landscapes. These services are provided by green elements which differ from their neighborhoods through their structures and functions. This study reviews the generally available knowledge on urban green space functions and services at the site level and explains them by using our studies in four different cities in three different continents related to distinct ecosystem services. This allows the development of methodological steps on the site level to evaluate and compare ecosystem services. Different urban green space types are characterized by their internal structures of vegetation, size, shape and location in relation to at least a semi-quantitative scaling of their urban ecosystem services. The evaluated urban green spaces are public urban green spaces. The urban ecosystem services assessed include climate regulation, biodiversity, nature experience, and recreation. The actual urban challenges, such as land use change, adaptation to climate change demographic change and urban cultural diversity demand a systematic and very concrete monitoring of urban ecosystem services at site level. A new planning paradigm related to urban ecosystem services is urgently needed in order to develop and implement the proposed framework.
关键词
城市生物多样性
城市环境规划
城市绿色空间
城市气候
自然体验
休闲
Urban Biodiversity,Urban Environmental Planning,Urban Green Spaces,Urban Climate,Nature Experience,Recreation
