摘要
本文研究了中国的电价过高问题,分析了电价过高的主要成因,并提出了改革的政策建议。通过对比发现,中国的上网电价、输配电价和销售电价都绝对高于美国。进一步分析发现,发电和输配电企业人员过多、待遇过高,以及在此基础上的高利润是导致中国电价过高的主要原因。在电价中附加了较多不合理的政府性基金和过高的电煤价格也抬高了电价。本文在考虑了中国电力装机大量闲置的基础上,参照美国电价、电力企业效率和煤炭价格,测算了中国电价可下调的幅度,提出了大幅下调电价及加快规制体制改革,取消附加在电价中不合理的政府性基金,加快国有发电和输配电企业改革、分流企业冗员、降低成本,对煤炭市场区域性垄断高价、行政性去产能或重组等政策进行公平竞争审查、经营者集中审查和反垄断调查等建议。
This paper studies the problem of high electricity prices in China,analyzes the main causes of excessive electricity prices,and puts forward policy recommendations for reforms.Through comparison,it is found that whether it is on-grid price,transmission and distribution price or sales price,China is absolutely higher than the United States.Further analysis found that the redundancy,high salary of personnel and the high profit in power generation,transmission and distribution companies are the main reasons for the high electricity prices in China.Unreasonable more governmental funds which are added to electricity prices and excessively high coal prices have also raised the price of electricity.Based on the United States’electricity price,the efficiency of power companies,and coal prices,this paper estimates the extent to which China’s electricity prices can be adjusted downwards,and proposes to substantially lower electricity prices and accelerate the reform of the regulatory system,canceling unreasonable government funds attached to electricity prices,and speeding up reform of State-owned power generation and transmission and distribution enterprises,diverted redundant employees,reduced costs,and conducted fair competition reviews,centralized management review,and anti-monopoly investigations on the coal market,including regional monopolies and high prices,administrative de-capacity,or restructuring.
作者
于左
史俊荣
Zuo Yu;Junrong Shi
出处
《产业经济评论（山东）》
2019年第1期1-22,共22页
Review of Industrial Economics
基金
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“中国产业转型升级的轨迹和理论创新研究”(18JD790002)
辽宁省特聘教授项目“供给侧结构性改革中的竞争政策”资助
关键词
电价过高
电企冗员
政府性基金
煤炭市场集中
电价降幅测算
改革政策
High Price of Electricity
Overstaffed of Electricity Companies
Government Funds Concentrated in The Coal Market
Calculation of Electricity Price
Reductions Reform Policy Design
