摘要
针对土地经营规模多样化的现状,探索收获机组技术生产率随地块条件的变化规律,在综合分析收获机组作业时间构成的基础上,建立了收获机组作业各类时间项目与地块条件关系的数学模型,建立了不同卸粮条件下收获机组技术生产率与地块条件关系的数学模型。选择8种不同功率级的收获机组为研究对象,采用跟踪试验方法获取收获机组作业过程中各类时间消耗数据,验证了收获机组技术生产率随地块条件变化关系模型的正确性;采用MATLAB进行编程计算,研究得到不同功率级收获机组技术生产率随地块条件变化的定量规律:幅宽为2~3 m的小功率收获机组适宜的最小地块长度为400 m,最小地块面积为3 hm2;幅宽在4~5 m的中等功率收获机组适宜作业的地块长度为600 m,地块面积为5 hm2;工作幅宽为7 m以上大功率收获机组适宜作业的地块长度为800 m,地块面积为7 hm2。该研究可为完善农业机械化生产与管理理论、科学选择收获机械提供参考。
It is theoretical basis for harvest machinery selection to discuss technology productivity changing with plot conditions, which are plot area, length, width and so on under the condition of land managing scales over the wide range. Harvesting operation is one of the key processes of grain production, and choosing the appropriate harvesting machine is a vital step to reap the grain with larger technology productivity. A lot of researches on agricultural mechanization selection have been done by both domestic and foreign experts. It has been found that there are existing methods for agricultural machine selection such as fuzzy clustering comprehensive evaluation method, linear programming, and mixed integer linear programming. In these methods, the economic performance of the agricultural machinery unit is the objective considered in most cases. But the technical performances of agricultural machinery units, such as the practical productivity, are usually neglected. Plot conditions, including plot area, length, width, and distance between plots, are not considered in the methods, but they are important factors influencing the technology productivity of agricultural machineries. At the same time, it has also been found that the power of most agricultural machineries does not match the plot conditions in the practice of agricultural production. In this paper, the mathematic models calculating every kind of time consumption item during combined operation, including working time, turning time, preparation time before unloading, unloading time, preparation time after unloading and transferring time between plots, were established. On the basis of that, the mathematic models for calculating the combines' technology productivity under the condition of different unloading ways were also set up. These mathematic models contain the variables such as plot area, length, width and distance between plots, and reveal the regularities of technology productivities changing with plot conditions. Experiment was designed according to
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第7期43-50,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303011)
国家大豆产业技术体系岗位科学家"十二五"任务(CARS-04-PS22)
关键词
农业机械
模型
优化
收获机组
技术生产率
地块条件
试验
agricultural machinery
models
optimization
combine harvester
technology productivity
land conditions
experimental study
