摘要
【目的】黑土具有肥力高、养分供应能力强等特点,研究长期施肥措施下黑土磷素的平衡及其有效性变化,为黑土区磷肥的科学施用和管理提供理论依据。【方法】以黑龙江哈尔滨(1979—2015年)长期肥料定位试验为平台,试验包括10个处理,即,不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、磷肥(P)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、有机肥(M)、有机肥+氮肥(MN)、有机肥+磷肥(MP)、有机肥+氮磷肥(MNP)和有机肥+氮磷钾肥(MNPK),分析了土壤全磷、有效磷的变化特征和土壤磷素盈亏状况。【结果】长期施用磷肥处理(P、NP、NPK、MP、MNP和MNPK)的黑土全磷、有效磷含量增加;不施磷肥处理(CK、N、M和MN),土壤全磷、有效磷含量随施肥年限的延长而降低。不施磷肥处理的土壤磷素活化系数(PAC)总体呈年际下降趋势,施肥处理为上升趋势;有机肥与磷肥配施处理的PAC整体高于单施化学磷肥处理。在土壤盈余条件下,土壤全磷每盈余100kg/hm^2,P、NP、NPK、MP、MNP和MNPK处理土壤中Olsen-P分别提高1.56、1.45、1.69、0.63、0.53和0.96mg/kg,而M和MN处理的土壤Olsen-P分别降低1.38和1.24 mg/kg。在土壤磷素亏缺状况下,每亏缺磷100kg/hm^2,CK、N处理有效磷分别减少1.83和1.46 mg/kg。【结论】施用磷肥及磷肥与有机肥配施可维持黑土的磷盈余,增加磷的有效性。单施氮肥和有机肥(马粪)会导致土壤磷的亏缺,降低土壤有效磷的含量。与单施化肥相比,有机肥磷肥配合施用能够更加有效地增加磷素活化系数。
[ Objectives ] To examine the phosphorus （P） balance and the change of phosphorous availability under long-term fertilization measurements will provide support for the academic management of P. [ Methods ] The used long-term experiment was initiated in 1979 in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. It consisted of ten treatments, including no fertilizer （CK）, four chemical fertilizer treatments （N, P, NP and NPK）, solely horse manure （M）, and chemical fertilizer plus manure （MN, MP, MNP and MNPK）. All treatments had three replicates. Soil total phosphorus （TP） and Olsen phosphorus （Olsen-P） were analyzed, the linear regressions between Olsen-P and P balance was calculated. [ Results ] The contents of soil total P and Olsen-P were improved significantly under P fertilizer applications （P, NP, NPK, MP, MNP and MNPK）, but decreased over time under treatments without P applications （ CK, N, M and MN）. Phosphorous availability coefficient （PAC） showed yearly declining trend in no P fertilizer treatments but increasing trend in P-containing treatments.The PAC in chemical fertilizer plus manure treatments was higher than that in the chemical P fertilizer alone. With an average annual surplus of P 100 kg/hm2, the soil Olsen-P content was increased by 1.56, 1.45, 1.69, 0.63, 0.53 and 0.96 mg/kg in the P, NP, NPK, MP, MNP and MNPK treatments, while those in the M and MN treatments decreased by 1.38 and 1.24 mg/kg. When the soil P balance was in deficient, the Olsen-P content in the CK and N treatments would be decreased by 1.83 and 1.46 mg/kg for every deficiency of P 100 kg/hm2. [ Conclusions ] Phosphorus fertilizer application, especially chemical phosphate with manure application, can improve the soil Olsen-P, total P content and PAC, while application of nitrogen or horse manure alone would lead to soil P deficit, and decrease the availability of P. Chemical P and manure combined fertilization shows more efficiency in improving the phosphorous availability coefficient than chemical fer
作者
马星竹
周宝库
郝小雨
陈雪丽
高中超
迟凤琴
MA Xing-zhu;ZHOU Bao-ku;HAO Xiao-yu;CHEN Xue-li;GAO Zhong-chao;CHI Feng-qin(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition,Heilongliang Province,Harbin,Heilongliang 150086,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期1672-1678,共7页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300502)
"粮食丰产增效科技创新"重点专项(2018YFD0300101-4)
黑龙江省农业科学院院级课题
黑龙江博士后科研启动资助金资助
关键词
长期施肥
黑土
磷素
磷素活化系数
磷盈亏
long-term fertilization
black soil
phosphorous
PAC
P balance
