摘要
邝其照是近代中国早期从事英语教育的先驱者和最早编纂英汉词典和英语读本的中国人,也是著名的报人和留学运动的推动者之一。但关于其编绘的《地球五大洲全图》,至今尚无专门讨论。本文通过其在1875年完成刊行的《地球五大洲全图》中的作者题跋、文字注记、图表与数码符号,揭示在近代中国伴随着旧知识体系崩溃和新知识秩序建立的文化转型过程中,邝氏是如何通过简要地绘出世界五大洲轮廓及主要山脉、河流走向,介绍有关地球如圆球这样一些常识,提供有关五大洲各国人口、面积的数据,介绍各国的出产。特别是邝氏在图中绘制出上百条世界轮船的航线,重点介绍英国公司和法国公司轮船来往路程表、轮船往来各埠行期约计表、北京至各省城并南京盛京路程表等,将《地球五大洲全图》的绘制与编写综合性百科知识式的语文类英汉辞书互为对照,提供了中外交往的基本地理知识,强调了中外交往过程中交际常识的重要性。该图所提供的更为准确的各国面积和人口的数字,纠正了以往各种汉文世界地图对面积和统计数字的不准确问题,使该图在晚清西学东渐史上扮演着融会中西、贯通大小传统的角色。
Kwong Ki Chiu is a pioneer in early modern China engaged in English education,and the first Chinese who codified English-Chinese dictionaries and English readers. He is also one of the promoters of the well-known newspaper and study abroad movement. However,there are no specific papers discussing the ＂Diqiu Wudazhou Quantu ＂he compiled. This article is based on the author ＇s inscription,written notes,diagrams,and digital symbols in the＂Quantu＂which he published in 1875,revealing how during the cultural transition in modern China,accompanied by the collapse of the old knowledge system and the establishment of a new knowledge order,how did Kwong Ki Chiu describe the contours of the five continents of the world and the direction of major mountain ranges and rivers,introduce some common knowledge about the Earth,such as spheres,provide data on the population and area of five continents,and introduce the production of countries. In particular,Kwong Ki Chiu had drawn more than 100 routes for world ships in the map,highlighting the travel schedules of British and French company ships,the estimated schedule of ship trips between cities,and Beijing to other provincial cities,as well as schedules for Nanjing and Shengjing,etc. Comparing the drawing of the ＂Quantu＂with the compiling of comprehensive encyclopedic knowledge of Chinese and English dictionaries provides the basic geographical knowledge of Chinese and foreign exchanges,emphasizing the importance of common sense in communication. The accurate figures of various country＇s areas and populations provided by the ＂Quantu＂had corrected the inaccuracies of some other Chinese maps and statistics in the past,and it also played an important part in the Western learning in the late Qing Dynasty.
作者
邹振环
Zou Zhenhuan(Department of History,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期96-105,共10页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
