摘要
本研究旨在探索高原农业区西藏林芝市米瑞乡青稞农田的土壤线虫群落特征。统计、鉴定了西藏林芝市巴宜区米瑞乡青稞农田土壤线虫的数量、分类,采用Shannon多样性指数(H')、Margalef丰富度指数(SR)、Simpson优势度指数(λ)、Pielou均匀度指数(J′)、成熟度指数(Maturity Index,MI)、植物寄生线虫指数(Plant Parasite Index,PPI)、线虫通路比值(Nematode Channel Ratio,NCR)等指标来分析土壤线虫群落的组成和多样性特征。共分离得到土壤线虫413条,分属于32属,线虫平均密度1462条100 g^(-1)干土。研究结果表明,异色矛属(Achromadors)是优势属,食细菌类线虫(Bacterivores,Ba)、植物寄生类线虫(Plant-Parasites,Pp)、食真菌类线虫(Fungivores,Fu)与杂食-捕食类线虫(Omnivores-Predators,Op)等4种营养类群中,线虫属数Ba>Op>Pp>Fu,个体数量Op>Ba>Pp>Fu,Shannon多样性指数(H′)Ba>Op>Pp>Fu,Pielou均匀度指数(J′)Ba=Fu>Op>Pp,Simpson优势度指数(λ)Fu>Pp>Op>Ba,Margalef丰富度指数(SR)Ba>Op>Pp>Fu。线虫的成熟度指数(MI)对比藏北草地、藏东南森林土壤线虫较低,扰动强烈,农田系统不稳定。PPI/MI与藏北草地、藏东南森林土壤对比均较低,土壤较肥沃。线虫通路比值(NCR)为0.68,NF/NB值为0.47,土壤分解途径以细菌为主。
In order to understand the characteristics of soil nematode community of the agricultural areas of Tibetan plateau, an investigation was conducted to study the variations of soil nematode community of highland barley field in southeast Tibet. The nematode individual density, biodiversity index and trophic groups biodiversity index were taken to analyze the composition and structural characteristics of the soil nematode community. A total of 413 soil nematodes belonging to 32 genera were collected by shallow dish method. The nematode individual density was averagely 1462 ind·100 g^（-1） dry soil. The dominant genera was Achromadors, the abundance of different trophic groups showed Op（omnivores-predators）Ba（bacterivores）Pp（plant-parasites）Fu（fungivores）, the Shannon-Weiner index（H′）BaOpPpFu, the Pielou index（J′）Ba=FuOpPp, the Simpson index（λ）FuPpOpBa, the Margalef index（SR）BaOpPpFu. The maturity index（MI）showed that the human disturbance were strong, and the agro-ecosystem were unstable. PPI/MI showed that the soil of highland barley field were more fertile than the grassland soil of the Northern Tibet Plateau and the forest soil of the Southeast Tibet. The nematode channel ratio（NCR）showed that the pathway of humus degradation was mainly bacterium.
作者
侯磊
扎欧
薛会英
HOU Lei;Zha Ou;XUE Huiying＊(Resources ＆ Environment College,Tibet Agriculture ＆ Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi Tibet 860000,China)
出处
《高原农业》
2018年第2期132-137,共6页
Journal of Plateau Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目"西藏北部高寒草甸土壤线虫群落对气候变化的响应"(31660155)
关键词
土壤线虫
生物多样性
营养类群
青稞农田
西藏
soil nematode
biodiversity
trophic groups
highland barley field
Tibet
