摘要
目的对9例重症脑损伤伴胃潴留患者进行超声下鼻肠管置入未成功的原因进行分析，并给予纠正。方法对2017年6月-2018年8月9例置管未成功的患者分别从疾病、镇静药物使用、机械通气、肠鸣音减弱等各方面分析导致超声下放置鼻肠管未成功的原因，并采用盲插注气法给予纠正，同时对盲插注气与超声放置导管的深度与消耗时间给予比较。结果9例患者均为各种原因造成患者胃排空障碍，胃肠蠕动减少，大量胃残留量增多，影响到导管头端进入幽门口。其中5例患者给予3种以上镇静药物，处于药物镇静状态，2例神志清楚患者因疾病受损位置所造成胃排空障碍，故超声下放置鼻肠管均未成功。后经盲插注气法进行纠正后，9例患者均置管成功。盲插注气法置入鼻肠管置入平均耗时为（28．89±13．80）min，低于超声下鼻肠管置人法的（84．44±20．07）min，差异有统计学意义（t=6．842，P〈0．01）。结论超声下鼻肠管置人对重症脑损伤伴有胃潴留患者置管失败与患者的危重程度、应用镇静药、机械通气、胃潴留等导致的胃肠蠕动减弱或消失有关，需要临床护士给予准确评估，有大量胃潴留的重症脑损伤患者推荐使用注气法进行鼻肠管放置。如采用超声下放置，需要给予胃动力药物的提前使用。
Objective The causes of unsuccessful nasointestinal tube placement in 9 patients with severe brain injury and gastric retention were analyzed and corrected. Methods The 9 cases of unsuccessful nasointestinal tube placement were analyzed from the aspects of disease, sedative drug use, mechanical ventilation, weakened bowel sounds and so on. Blind intubation was used to correct the defect, and the depth and time consumed of blind intubation and ultrasonic catheterization were compared. Results All 9 patients had gastric emptying disorders, decreased gastrointestinal peristalsis, and increased gastric residue, which affected the entrance of the catheter to the pylorus. Among them, 5 patients were given 3 or more sedative drugs in the state of drug sedation, and 2 patients bad gastric emptying disorder due to the location of the disease damage. Therefore, ultrasound-guided nasointestinal tube placement was unsuccessful. Finally the 9 patients are successful to be inserted nasointestinal tubes by the blind placement plus air injection method. The average time of blind intubation was （28.89±13.80） min, which was lower than that of ultrasonic catheterization （84.44±20.07） rain, and the difference was statistically significant （t=6.842, P〈0.01）. Conclusions The failure of ultrasound-guided nasointestinal tube placement in patients with severe brain injury and gastric retention is related to the severity of the patient, the use of sedatives, mechanical ventilation, gastric retention and other causes of gastrointestinal peristalsis weakened or disappeared. Clinical nurses are required to give accurate assessment. Patients with severe brain injury and massive gastric retention are advised to use the blind placement plus air injection method for nasointestinal tube placement. In the case of uhrasound-guided nasointestinal tube placement. gastric motility drugs need to be used in advance.
作者
刘芳
高岱佺
龚立超
李苗
王冉
孙蕊
Liu Fang;Gao Daiquan;Gong Lichao;Li Miao;Wang Ran;Sun Rui(Neurology ICU,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China)
出处
《中华现代护理杂志》
2018年第28期3357-3361,共5页
Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing
基金
宣武医院护理专项课题青年项目（XWHL-2016012）
关键词
护理
脑损伤
胃肌轻瘫
鼻肠管置入
超声引导
盲插注气法
Nursing care
Brain injury
Gastroparesis
Nasointestinal tube placement
Ultrasound-guided
Blind placement plus air injection
