摘要
化学实验尤其是探索性化学实验在安全上具有一定的不确定性,实验过程中有可能发生火灾、爆炸、中毒、灼伤等安全事故。我国安全管理工作的方针是"安全第一,预防为主,综合治理",将安全管理工作的重点放到了预防上,化学实验室安全管理工作的重点也应该放在预防上面。在实验设计阶段进行危险和有害因素的辨识,采取有针对性的预防措施,运用本质安全的原理从源头上减少安全风险,从而减少安全事故的发生,尤为重要。为化学实验的安全设计提供了有益参考。
Chemical experiments, especially exploratory experiments have some uncertainty in safety.Safety accidents such as fire, explosion, poisoning, burns and others may occur during the chemical experiment. For the administration of production safety, the guidelines include “ safety first, focus on prevention, and integrated control”. So the prevention should be the main task in the safety management and thus the emphasis of safety management in chemical laboratory should also be put on the prevention. Hence, it is vital importance to identify the risk of dangerous and harmful factors in the experimental design stage, and then take effective preventive measures, reduce the safety risks from the source using the principle of inherent safety, in order to reduce the occurrence of accidents. It will provide a useful reference for the safety design of chemical experiments.
作者
李志华
邱晨超
贺继高
崔红生
LI Zhi-hua;QIU Chen-chao;HE Ji-gao;CUI Hong-sheng(Science and Technology Department,Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,Chi？nese Academy of Sciences,Fuzhou 350002,China)
出处
《实验室科学》
2018年第5期210-214,共5页
Laboratory Science
关键词
安全设计
化学实验
事故预防
本质安全
safety design
chemical experiment
accident prevention
inherent safety
