摘要
在亚里士多德看来,人的灵魂包括感性灵魂和理性灵魂,理性灵魂又可区分为主动理性和被动理性。感性灵魂的功能是感知外在事物;被动理性以感性灵魂形成的感觉、知觉和表象等感性经验材料为认识对象,形成具有普遍性的知识;主动理性以被动理性的知识为对象,使潜在的普遍知识实现为现实的知识。主动理性是一种无质料的纯形式,它是灵魂中最神圣的部分,具有通达神的能力。亚里士多德的神不具有无中生有的能力,是一种哲学意义上的神,主动理性和神皆是无人身的理性,都致力于达成善。主动理性处于灵魂等级体系的顶端,它成为亚里士多德之形而上学和伦理学的共同根基。
According to Aristotle,the soul of people includes the sensuous and the rational soul.The latter divides into two sorts：passive intellect and active intellect.Sensuous soul directly relates to the nutrition and reproduction,its function perceives the individual thing.The passive intellect turns the perception experience materials into universal knowledge;The active intellect makes the potential common knowledge into actual knowledge.Active intellect is a pure form,which does not hold any materials,so it is the most sacred part of the soul and able to understand god.The god and active intellect are all immortal.That is a kind of God in a philosophical sense.They are good and non-personal.The active intellect at the top of the hierarchy system becomes the common foundation of Aristotle＇s metaphysics and ethics.
作者
胡志刚
HU Zhi-Gang(Department of Philosophy,Guangdong Provincial Committee Party School of CCP,Guangzhou 510053,Guangdong,China)
出处
《武汉理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
2018年第4期139-145,共7页
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"历史唯物主义视域中人的应然性问题研究"(15JJD710009)
关键词
感性灵魂
被动理性
主动理性
神
善
sensuous soul
passive intellect
active intellect
god
good
