摘要
目的了解农村地区学龄前儿童焦虑状况，探讨其相关影响因素。方法选取安徽省合肥市长丰县、肥西县，安庆市潜山县，阜阳市阜南县1363名3～6岁农村学龄前儿童作为研究对象。采用Spence学前儿童焦虑量表的中文修订版、Devereux儿童心理韧性评估量表、中国农村3～6岁儿童忽视评价常模量表、家庭功能量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表及一般情况调查表对学龄前儿童主要带养人进行问卷调查。结果在调查的1363名学龄前儿童中，焦虑情绪阳性检出率为14．7％。各焦虑类型的得分情况，躯体伤害焦虑得分最高[（1．24±0．84）分]，其次为社会焦虑[（0．86±0．75）分]、分离焦虑[（0．85±0．74）分]。除强迫性神经症障碍外（r=-0．034，P〉0．05），各焦虑类型和总焦虑得分与心理韧性总保护性因素成负相关（r=-0．054～-0．070，P〈0．05），与行为问题（r=0．121～0．237，P〈0．05）及总忽视度成正相关（r=0．157～0．269，P〈0．05）。不同焦虑类型得分的多元线性回归分析结果显示，性别、家庭类型、家庭经济状况、父母管教态度是否一致、受忽视程度、行为问题以及主要带养人的心理健康状况是影响农村学龄前儿童焦虑水平的主要因素。结论为减少或避免学龄前儿童的焦虑困扰，应建立良好的家庭环境，提高家长对子女教养水平，采取切实有效的针对性教育干预措施。
Objective To know the anxiety status of preschool children in rural areas and to explore its influential factors. Methods Subjects of 1 363 rural preschool children aged 3-6 years were selected from Anhui Province（ Changfeng and Feixi county of Hefei city; Qianshan county of Anqing city; Funan county of Fuyang city）. The primary caregivers of preschool children were investigated by Chinese version of Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale （SPAS）, Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschoolers （DECA-P2） , Neglect Norms for Children Aged 3 to 6 Years in Rural Areas of China, Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection Resolve （APGAR） , Self-rating anxiety scale （ SAS ） and Self-rating depression （SDS）. Results Among the 1 363 preschool children,the positive rate of anxiety was 14.7%. Physical injury fears score was highest （ 1.24±0.84） ,followed by social phobia anxiety （0. 86±0.75） and separation anxiety （0. 85±0. 74）. Except for obsessive compulsive disorder, the other four types of anxiety and total anxiety scores were negatively correlated with the total protective factors of mental resilience （ r=- 0.054- -0.070, P〈 0. 05）. Besides, all anxiety scores were positively correlated with behavioral problems （r= 0.121-0. 237, P〈0.05 ）and neglect degree （r=0.157-0.269,P〈0.05）. The results of multiple linear regression analysis of different anxiety types showed that gender, family type, family income status, parental rearing pattern was consistent or inconsistent, children＇ s neglect degree, behavior problem and anxiety/depression status of primary caregivers were the main factors affecting the anxiety level of preschool children in rural areas. Conclusions In order to reduce or avoid anxiety of preschool children, it is necessary to establish a good family environment, improve parents＇ upbringing level, and take effective education intervention.
作者
武伟
屈光波
王玲玲
唐雪
张健
姚晶晶
陈明春
孙良
胡允凯
郭青
孙业桓
Wu Wei;Qu Guangbo;Wang Lingling;Tang Xue;Zhang Jian;Yao Jingjing;Chen Mingchun;Sun Liang;Hu Yunkai;Guo Qing;Sun Yehuan(Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,School of Public Health,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,Chin;Department of Neonatology,Children＇s Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230051,China;Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control,Changfeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei 230032,China;Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control,Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuyaug 236030,Chin;Department of acute infectious disease control,Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Yingzhou District,Fuyang 236030,China)
出处
《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第10期920-926,共7页
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目（81172763,81872704）
安徽省学术和技术带头人科研活动经费资助项目（2016D083）
关键词
学龄前儿童
焦虑
影响因素
Preschool children
Anxiety
Influencing factor
