摘要
研究华北冬绿肥二月兰对不同供氮水平的响应特征,确定实现绿肥高产高效的土壤适宜供氮量,可为华北集约化农田最大化发挥绿肥生态效应和优化春玉米/冬绿肥轮作体系氮素管理提供理论依据和技术参考.选取多年不施肥试验地设置供氮梯度试验,研究了不同供氮水平对冬绿肥二月兰翻压前地上部生物量累积、氮素吸收、土壤无机氮残留和冬绿肥季土壤氮素平衡的影响.结果表明:在土壤无机氮含量较低(0~90 cm土层15 kg·hm^(-2))条件下,施氮显著提高二月兰生物量和吸氮量.其中,施氮90 kg·hm^(-2)处理表现最高,绿肥生物量(干质量)和吸氮量分别为2031.0和42.0 kg·hm^(-2);土壤无机氮残留量随施氮量增加而增加,且在施氮量高于60 kg·hm^(-2)后呈现快速增加趋势;随施氮量增加二月兰生长季的表观氮平衡表现出由亏缺到盈余的变化特征,在施氮量为60~90 kg·hm^(-2)条件下氮收支基本平衡.土壤供氮量(绿肥播前0~90 cm土壤无机氮含量与施氮量之和)与二月兰生物量、吸氮量和绿肥翻压前土壤无机氮含量的关系可以分别用二次、线性加平台和指数方程进行模拟,依据模型计算二月兰生物量最高值(2010 kg·hm^(-2))时的播前土壤供氮量和绿肥翻压前土壤无机氮残留量分别是136和78 kg·hm^(-2);而在二月兰吸氮量最高值40 kg·hm^(-2)时,二月兰生物量为1919 kg·hm^(-2),相当于最高生物量的95%,绿肥翻压前土壤残留无机氮降低至57 kg·hm^(-2),与之对应的播前土壤供氮量为105 kg·hm^(-2),该值与目前华北地区优化施氮下玉米收获后土壤残留无机氮推荐含量(100 kg·hm^(-2))基本相当.综合考虑绿肥的农学和环境效应,春玉米/冬绿肥轮作体系中二月兰播前土壤供氮量应控制在100~105 kg·hm^(-2).
Understanding the responses of winter green manure February orchid（ Orychophragmus violaceus） to different levels of nitrogen（ N） supply in Northern China and determining the optimal soil N supply level to meet N demands of green manure production with high yield and efficiency,could provide a theoretical foundation and practice reference for maximizing ecological effects of green manure and optimizing N management for spring maize-green manure rotation system in intensive farmland in Northern China. We carried out a field experiment in a site which had received no fertilizer for many years. The aboveground biomass accumulation,N uptake of February orchid and soil residual inorganic N before green manure incorporation,as well as the N balance during the green manure growing season were determined under different levels of N supply. The results showed that N fertilizer application significantly increased the biomass and N uptake of February orchid under low soil inorganic N content（ 15 kg·hm^-2 in 0-90 cm soil layer）. At the application rate of 90 kg·hm^-2,the biomass（ dry mass） and N uptake reached the maximum,being 2031 and 42 kg·hm^-2,respectively. The soil residual inorganic N amount rose with the increases of N fertilizer application before sowing,growing very rapidly once the application rate was over 60 kg · hm^-2.With the increases of N application rate,the calculated apparent N balance changed from deficit to surplus in the growing season of February orchid. The inputs and outputs of N reached a balance at the application rates of 60 to 90 kg·hm^-2. The relationships between February orchid biomass,N uptake,soil inorganic N before green manure incorporation,and soil N supply amount（ 0-90 cm preplant soil inorganic N content plus N application rate） could be fitted by the quadratic,linear plus plateau and exponential models respectively. Based on the simulation,we calculated the preplant soil N supply and soil residual inorganic N content before green manure incorporation would be1
作者
白金顺
曹卫东
曾闹华
高嵩涓
杨璐
周国朋
BAI Jin-shun;CAO Wei-dong;ZENG Nao-hua;GAO Song-juan;YANG Lu;ZHOU Guo-peng(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China;ZGraduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第10期3206-3212,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132016058)
国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目
物种质资源保护(农业部)项目(2018NWB042)
国家农作物种质资源共享服务平台项目(NICGR2018-019)
牛顿基金项目(BB/N013484/1)资助~~
关键词
冬绿肥
二月兰
氮平衡
土壤残留无机氮
氮素表观损失
winter green manure
February orchid
nitrogen balance
soil residual inorganic nitro-gen
apparent nitrogen loss
