摘要
地理学思想史研究和教学对学科发展意义重大。地理学发展过程中既有寻求一般性理论的传统,也有对地方特性的强调,二者间的紧张关系是地理学思想史的一个主调。尤其是第二次世界大战之后,实证主义、人文主义、马克思主义、女性主义、后现代、后结构、后人文、关系地理学等众多学派涌现,其核心争论正是追求一般性还是特殊性。聚焦该问题,以《地理学思想:批判性导论》一书为典型案例,通过梳理地理学思想流派更迭的简史,总结一般性和特殊性之间的辩证互动关系,并指出未来中国地理学思想研究和教育的核心在于批判性。只有通过批判性思考和实践,才能更深入地了解学科性质及其演变历程,才能更好地进行学术普及和理论创新。
Geography is a profound subject and the history of geographical ideas is important to the development of the geographical science itself. Western geography not only seeks for general theory, but also focuses on particular problems. The tensions between the general and the specific is one of the major concerns of geographic thoughts. And these tensions were getting stronger as many schools emerged after World War II, including positivist geography,humanistic geography, Marxist geography, feminist geography, postmodern geography, poststructural geography, post-human geography, and relational geography. This paper is a review of Geographic Thought： A Critical Introduction, which reveals the evolutions of the Western countries geographic thoughts, focusing on the thoughts of post-World War II geography schools; summing up the dialectical interaction between general and special, by introducing a brief history of geographic thoughts. And pointing out a critique is a core of Chinese geographical research and education. Since ancient Greece when Eratosthenes laid the tradition of mathematics, pursuing the general, Homer built up the tradition of description, region, art,what, in fact, is the special. Regional geography concentrates on specific areas, emphasizing particularities. Positivist geographers criticize regional geography and seek for general rules of science, which are universal. Humanistic geographers believe that something in reality must happen in a specific place. They are eager to rediscover that particularities are everywhere and cannot be covered by generality. Marxism geography digs out a theory of conditions to make such theory possible, and then challenges these conditions, focusing mainly on generality.Feminist geography not only focuses on common problems, but also emphasizes the difference between cognition; it is a combination of generality and particularity. Postmodern geography rejects the existence of absolute space order, emphasizing heterogeneity, peculiarity and uniqueness, but neglecting t
作者
尹梁明
殷清眉
徐建华
叶超
YIN Liangming;YIN Qingmei;XU Jianhua;YE Chao(School of Geography Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;School of Urban ＆ Regional Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第10期2087-2095,共9页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41571138
41871143)
关键词
地理学
思想史
演变
一般性
特殊性
批判
geography
geographic thoughts
evolution
the general
the specific
critical thinking
