摘要
根据实践梳理立法过程中法律草案合宪性判断标准,有助于从操作层面为我国合宪性审查工作提供技术支持。法律草案的合宪性审查不是狭义上的宪法监督,也不适用合宪性推定原则,性质和立场上的不同导致法律草案的合宪性判断标准不同于法律的合宪性判断标准。在立法过程中,法律草案的提案机关和审议机关可以采取柔性和隐性的手段,回避对法律草案合宪性的消极评价,也可以根据宪法文本的具体条款,确认法律草案的合宪性或对法律草案进行调整,从而确保和提高法律草案的合宪性。宪法文本作为法律草案合宪性的判断标准具有不确定性,在立法过程中需要平衡文本与现实、政治性与规范性的关系,并理性看待宪法文本失灵的特殊情况,在推进合宪性审查的过程妥善应对相关难题。
Summarizing the standard of constitutionality of draft law in legislative process according to practices is conducive to providing technological support for the constitutionality review system of China in an operational way. The constitutionality review of draft law is not constitutional supervision in the narrow sense or the principle of presumption of constitutionality is not applicable. The standard of constitutionality of draft law and the standard of constitutionality of law are different because of their distinct nature and standpoints. In the legislative process, the organs which introduce or deliberate the draft law may avoid negative evaluation of constitutionality of the draft law in flexible and implicit ways, and they may also confirm the constitutionality of the draft law or modify the draft law on basis of specific provisions of the text of the Constitution, thus ensuring and increasing the constitutionality of the draft law. However, as the constitutional judgement standard of law drafts, the text of the Constitution is indeterminate in some cases. The text of the Constitution as the standard of constitutionality of the draft law has uncertainty, so it is necessary to balance the relationship between the text and the reality, the politics and norms, rationally look at the special situation of malfunction of the text of the Constitution, positively and properly deal with reevant difficul- ties in the process of promoting constitutionality review.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第11期61-72,共12页
Political Science and Law
基金
2016年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"合宪性控制的理论与实践研究"(项目编号:16JJD820006)
中国博士后科学基金第63批面上资助项目"立法过程中的合宪性控制研究"(项目编号:2018M631858)的阶段性成果
关键词
合宪性
法律草案
立法过程
Constitutionality
Draft Law
Legislative Process
