摘要
目的探讨老年人焦虑与抑郁情绪并发时的特点及影响因素。方法采用典型抽样方式选取北京市1318例60岁以上老年人。以老年抑郁量表（GDS）和老年焦虑量表（GAI）得分为依据，将其分为高焦虑高抑郁，高焦虑低抑郁，低焦虑高抑郁和低焦虑低抑郁四种类型进行比较和分析。结果Logistic回归分析发现，与机构养老的老年人相比，不论老年人抑郁情绪的高低，居家养老更容易引发焦虑情绪（β低抑郁=1．66，P=0．01；β高抑郁=2．41，P=0．03），而当老年人焦虑情绪较高时，居家养老都更容易缓解抑郁情绪（β=-1．50，P=0．01）；相比于低焦虑低抑郁的老年人，家庭支持（β=-0．16，P=0．06）和朋友支持（β=-0．23，P=0．01）可以降低老年人发生高焦虑高抑郁的可能性。相比于低焦虑低抑郁的老年人，生活自理能力可以预测低焦虑高抑郁的发生（β=-1．81，P=0．01）；慢性病共病数量（β=0．28，P=0．09）和神经系统疾病是焦虑抑郁并发的重要危险因素。结论在保证老年人身体健康和生活自理能力的同时，需要极大提升社会支持，恰当地选择养老方式，尤其要关注患神经系统疾病的老年人，这样有助于降低焦虑和抑郁情绪并发状况。
Objective To explore the characteristics and influencing factors for concurrent anxiety and depression in geriatric patients. Methods A total of 1 318 older people aged over 60 from Beijing were investigated and divided into four groups： high anxiety with high depression, high anxiety with Low depression,low anxiety with high depression, and low anxiety with low depression, based on results of Geriatric Depression Scale（GDS）and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory（GAD. Results Logistic regression analysis found that, compared with institution-dwelling elderly, home dwelling patients were more prone to anxiety （β low depression = 1. 66, P = 0. 01 ; β high depression = 2. 41, P = 0.03 ）, regardless of depression levels, but when anxiety levels were high, depression was easier to relieve in home-dwelling elderly than in their institution-dwelling counterparts（β =- 1.50, P = 0.01 ） ; Compared with patients with low anxiety and low depression, family support （β=- 0. 16, P = 0.06） and friend support（β=- 0.23, P = 0.01）could reduce the incidence of high anxiety and high depression. Self-care abilities could predict the occurrence of high anxiety and high depression, rather than low anxiety and low depression, in the elderly （β=- 1.81,P = 0.01）.Comorbidities（β= 0.28,P = 0.09） and neurological disorders were important risk factors for concurrent anxiety and depression. Conclusions In addition to physical health and self-care abilities, strong social support and quality elderly care （especially for neurological patients）can help reduce the incidence of concurrent anxiety and depression in elderly people.
作者
赵宝宝
金灿灿
Zhao Baobao , Jin Cancan(Department of Psychology ,Beijing Forestry University ,Beijing 100083 ,China)
出处
《中华老年医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第10期1156-1160,共5页
Chinese Journal of Geriatrics
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（2016ZCQ11）
关键词
焦虑
抑郁
危险因素
Anxiety
Depression
Risk factors
