摘要
在欧洲人抵达新大陆美洲前,北美大陆的主宰者是印第安人。古代印第安部落尚未进入阶级社会,但已经实践农业。本文从农区、农作物、农具、农业技术、劳动力、土地所有制几个方面,来考察北美印第安农业的兴起及发展。虽然印第安农业仍属原始半原始农业,但印第安人已经驯化培育出多种农作物,有些部落甚至开发出令人惊叹的农业技术。农耕不但让北美印第安人过上较为稳定的生活,还为哥伦布发现新大陆之后的农业大交流准备了条件。
In pre Columbus time （before 1492）, Indians were the only habitants in North America, and there was no class differentiation in Indian wild tribes. However, Indians had already practiced farming. In terms of Indian agriculture, we could analyze their georgic are as, crops, tools, technology, labor, and land tenant. Although Indian farming belonged to aboriginal or semi aboriginal agriculture, they had planted many crops, including corn, squash, bean and so on, and some Indians had the ability to make use of irrigation technolo gy or other techniques. In a word, agriculture not only gave stable food to Indian tribes, but also built base for agricultural exchange in post Columbus time.
作者
张兰星
Zhang Lanxing(College of Historical Cultu Chen Zhang Lanxing re and Tourism, Sichuan Normal University, gdu, Sichuan 61006)
出处
《古今农业》
2018年第3期68-81,61,共15页
Ancient and Modern Agriculture
基金
国家社科基金重点项目"15世纪末至19世纪初的全球农业文明大交流研究"(批准号:13 AZD044)
关键词
北美
印第安人
原始半原始
农业
North America
Indians
Aboriginal and Semi Aboriginal
Agriculture
