摘要
科举制度虽然开始于唐朝,但正式形成是在宋朝,所以宋朝科举对后世的选举制度影响最为深远。省试(类同于明清时期的会试)是科举中最为重要的一个环节,但自唐代至北宋,礼部贡院一直没有固定的场所,这给省试带来了许多不利因素。南宋建立后,开始有了独立的礼部贡院,意义重大,也为元明清三代所仿效。南宋礼部贡院在现今杭州的延安路以东,中山北路以西,凤起路以南,观巷以北的区域内,面积约五万多平方米。省试考官有帘内官(直接参与试卷的考校)和帘外官(负责封弥、誊录、对读、巡舖、监门和从事行政事务)的分别。他们分工明确,防弊措施严密,以确保实现公平取士的原则。这也是宋朝所以能够人才辈出,知识分子对这个政权有着较大向心力,从而具有强大文化软实力的一个重要原因。
Although the imperial examination system began in the Tang Dynasty,it didn＇t officially come into being until the Song Dynasty; therefore,the imperial examination system of the Song Dynasty had the most profound influence on the electoral system of later generations. The metropolitan examination was the most important part of the imperial examination,but from the Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty,there was no fixed location for the Examination Hall of the Ministry of Rites,putting the examination at a serious disadvantage. Following the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty,an independent Examination Hall of the Ministry of Rites emerged,which was of great significance and was imitated by the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Southern Song Dynasty,it occupied a 50,000-square-meter site east of Yan＇an Road in Hangzhou,west of Zhongshan North Road,south of Fengqi Road,and north of Guan Lane. Metropolitan examiners were divided into＂inner-curtain officers＂and＂outer-curtain officers＂,with the former directly involved in the preparation and verification of examination papers and the latter responsible for sealing,transcribing,reading,inspecting,supervising and other administrative affairs. They had a clear division of responsibility and strict anti-fraud measures to ensure fair official selection. This is also an important reason why the Song Dynasty was able to bring forth many talented people,and intellectuals were closely united around the regime,endowing it with strong cultural soft power.
作者
何忠礼
HE Zhong-li(department of History,Zhejiang university,Hangzhou 310003,Zhejiang)
出处
《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期82-92,共11页
Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)
关键词
南宋科举
省试
礼部贡院
帘内官
帘外官
imperial examinations in Southern Song Dynasty
metropolitan examinations
Examination Hall of Ministryof Rites
＂inner-curtain of ficers＂
＂outer-curtain officers＂
