摘要
当前,全面二孩政策、城镇化推进及新课程改革等都对义务教育阶段教师编制提出了扩增要求。随着乡村学龄儿童大量进城就学,城乡学校普遍面临教师总量性缺编和结构性缺编难题,传统的以户籍学龄人口数量为基数、以师生比为标准的教师编制配置模式越来越难以适应学龄人口流动性的挑战。为了解决这些问题,一些地区探索了一系列编制外教师供给新模式。面向新时代,应把义务教育阶段教师编制从党政群机构编制中分离出来,作为专项编制单独管理,建立以持居住证学龄人口为依据的教师编制动态核定机制;实行中央统一领导,省级统筹、分级管理、专编专用的教师编制管理机制;在编制总量内设立一定比例的预留编制,以解决新增因素对教师编制的弹性需求,提高教师编制使用效率。
The supply of public school teachers in compulsory education has been required to be expanded due to theinfluence of the two-child policy,the urbanization and the reform of new curriculum. With a growing number of migrantchildren who have moved to cities to receive the compulsory education,the supply of public school teachers in cities andthe countryside may be challenged in number and structure. The traditional mode of the supply of public school teachers,which regards the number of students with hukou（a certificate of household registration system）as the supply base andregards the student-teacher ratio as the supply standard,cannot solve the problems caused by the mobility of migrantchildren. In order to solve these problems,some local governments have explored some new teacher-supply patterns. Inthe new era,we should separate the supply number of teachers in compulsory education from the supply number of peoplein the party,government and mass organizations. We should manage the supply number of teachers separately andestablish a dynamic verification mechanism for the supply number of teachers based on the school-aged population withresidence permits. Besides,we should follow a teachers＇ management mechanism by implementing the unified leadershipof central government,the provincial coordination,the hierarchical management,and the special use of the specializedsupply number of teachers. A certain proportion of reserved teachers should be set up within the total amount ofpreparation in order to solve the elastic demand of new factors for teachers＇ preparation and improve the efficiency ofteachers＇ preparation.
作者
邬志辉
陈昌盛
Wu Zhihui;Chen Changsheng(Dean of the Research Institute of Rural Education Development,Northeast Normal University/ The Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences,Ministry of Education,＆ Dean,professor and doctoral supervisor of Graduate School of Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024;graduate student in Statistics of Faculty of Science,University of Leuven,Belgiu)
出处
《教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第8期88-100,共13页
Educational Research
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国农村教育发展基本类型与模型建构研究”(项目编号：18JJD880001)的研究成果.
关键词
城镇化
义务教育
教师编制
urbanization
compulsory education
authorized teaching staff
