摘要
现阶段,我国森林更新仍以人工更新为主。受种源、生境异质性、地表枯落物、群落差异性、人为干扰等多方面影响,天然更新及人工促进天然更新在我国的推广并不普遍。本文综述了国内外天然更新研究现状,我国关于天然更新的政策、法规和林业相关工程,以及我国天然更新实施效果和未来发展方向。我国早期的天然更新是被动的、无主观意识的靠自然力的森林恢复,而现在的天然更新是全面甄别天然更新的环境条件、更新潜力、限制因素和更新目标之后,确定的科学的生态恢复对策。人工辅助天然更新的理念是宜封则封、宜造则造,充分利用自然力,遵循生态演替规律,利用演替驱动种,不改变自然演替方向,加速自然演替速度,以增加生物多样性、提高应对气候变化等环境胁迫的抵抗力,重建生态学系统功能,最终提高生态系统服务功能,是未来森林恢复的主要科学措施。本文结合经营措施、自然干扰等实例,进一步论证了天然更新在经济上可行、生态上有效、投入产出比高。
Currently, forestation is highly relying on the artificial regeneration strategy in China, and 5othnatural regen eration （NR） and assisted natural regeneration （ANR） are not widely applied clue to the different provenances, habitat heterogeneity, surface litter types, community diversities, and human disturbance. Present paper presented an overview of the current NR status atboth domestic and international scope, and the effects of policies, regulations, and forestry projects related to natural regeneration in China, as well as the outcome and future perspectives of NRwere discussed. During early stage NR was a major forest restoration method which was passively driven by natural force without sub jective consciousness in China~ while currently NR is a scientific ecological restoration strategy determined by integra tingthe environmental conditions, regeneration potential, limiting factors, and management targets. The concept of ANR is to accelerate, rather than replace, natural restoration processesbased on the real situation by making full use of natural forces, following the rules of ecological succession, utilizing succession driving species, avoiding to change the direction of natural succession, accelerating the natural successionspeed, increasing biodiversities, enhancing resilience to tackle climate change and other environmental stresses, rebuilding ecological system function, and eventually impro ving the ecosystem functions. Evidences proved that ANR has the potential to be the main scientific forest restoration strategy in the future. In addition, the paper demonstrated that natural regeneration is an economically feasible, eco logically efficient tactic with high ratio of input and output.
作者
程中倩
吴水荣
刘世荣
Cheng Zhongqian;Wu Shuirong;Liu Shirong(Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environrrzent and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第10期71-76,共6页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家国际科技合作专项项目(2015DFA31440)
国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201404201)
关键词
天然更新
人工促进天然更新
封山育林
干扰
经营措施
Natural regeneration
Assisted natural regeneration
Hillside closure {or re{orestation
Disturbance
Management measures
