摘要
[目的]指导蚕桑地区的施药者科学选择和安全使用杀虫剂。[方法]采用浸叶法测定了8种稻田常用杀虫剂原药和制剂对家蚕的急性毒性,并进行了安全性评价。[结果]阿维菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺2种杀虫剂的原药和制剂对家蚕2龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC_(50))分别为0.0018、0.0017、0.0091、0.0089 mg/L,对家蚕为剧毒级、极高风险性药剂;丁硫克百威、毒死蜱、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻嗪酮5种杀虫剂的原药和制剂对家蚕2龄幼虫的LC_(50)值分别为0.80、0.55,1.74、1.15,0.90、0.85,1.12、0.69,2.58、2.17 mg/L,对家蚕为高等毒、极高风险性药剂;而吡蚜酮原药和制剂对家蚕2龄幼虫的LC50值为>2000、698.36 mg/L,对家蚕为低毒、中等风险性药剂。8种杀虫剂引起家蚕中毒的症状表现出一些相同的特征,如拒食、体缩、吐液。虽然供试杀虫剂制剂对家蚕的急性毒性均高于其原药的毒性,但同一杀虫剂原药和制剂的毒性和风险性在同一等级范围内。[结论]鉴于阿维菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺和毒死蜱等7种杀虫剂原药和制剂对家蚕的风险性较高,建议养蚕期间远离桑园或选择无风天使用。
[Aims] The aims were to provide farmer with instructions on selection of insecticides safely in sericultural areas. [Methods] Leaf dipping method was used to determine the acute toxicity of eight rice insecticides and their formulations to silkworm. [Results] The LC50 of avermectins and chlorantraniliprole and their formulations to the 2 nd instar silkworm larve was 0.0018, 0.0017, 0.0091, 0.0089 mg/L, respectively, exhibiting extremely high toxicity and special high risk. The LC50 of carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, buprofezin and their formulations was 0.80, 0.55, 1.74, 1.15, 0.90, 0.85, 1.12, 0.69, 2.58, 2.17 mg/L, respectively, which were of high toxicity and special high risk. The LC50 of pymetrozine and its formulation was 〉2000, 698.36 mg/L, respectively, being pesticide of low toxicity and moderate risk grade. Furthermore, the toxic symptoms of the treated silkworm to the eight rice insecticides were similar, which were antifeedant, shrink, vomitting. Although the acute toxicity of formulations to silkworm is higher than that of corresponding TC, the acute toxicity and risk grade of the pesticide and its formulation is the same.[Conclusions] It is suggested that the seven high-risk rice insecticides and their formulations such as avermectins,chlorantraniliprole and chlorpyrifos should be applied far away from mulberry field or in still day during silkworm rearing seasons.
作者
姬小雪
王菲菲
刘政军
池艳艳
乔康
JI Xiao-xue1, WANG Fei-fei2, LIU Zheng-jun3, CHI Yan-yan1, QIAO Kang1(1.College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai＇an 271018, Shandong, China; 2. Shandong Binnong Technology Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China; 3.Shandong Taiyang Biotech Co., Ltd, Tai＇an 271000, Shandong, China)
出处
《农药》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第9期654-657,共4页
Agrochemicals
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503130)
关键词
家蚕
稻田杀虫剂
急性毒性
安全性评价
Bombyx mori L.
rice insecticides
acute toxicity
safety evaluation
