摘要
亚洲象种群动态是研究者和管理者关注的最基本点,是种群研究的核心内容。以个体增长率、死亡率、年龄结构和性别比例为研究指标,2015年9至2016年12月,通过跟踪调查和定点观察,采取全事件取样法和焦点动物取样法,对西双版纳地区的亚洲象种群内禀增长力进行初步研究。调查结果,共观察到17个种群的227头亚洲象,其中幼体21头、青少年体37头、亚成体68头、成体101头。研究结果表明,亚洲象种群的雌雄比为3.39∶1,年度出生率、死亡率分别为26.92%、1.32%,均生殖率(Ro)为28.096,平均世代时间(T)为37.5 a,内禀增长率(rm)为0.038 6,周限增长率λ为1.039 3,实际增长率r为0.079 3。综合亚洲象的数量、年龄结构、性别比例、出生率、内禀增长率等参数,得出西双版纳地区亚洲象种群有较强的增殖潜力,但由于种群间的相隔,互不相连,阻碍了基因交流,不利于种群的繁殖,甚至面临近交的危险。
The research on Elephas maximus wild population was fundamental for elephant conservation and management. Based on the all-occurrence sampling and the focal animal sampling from September2015 to December 2016,the indexes of increase rate,mortality,age structure and sex ratio were used to the preliminarily study on the intrinsic increase rate of Elephas maximus in Xishuangbanna by trace tracking and fixed spots observation in which 17 populations,amounting to 227 elephants were observed,among which 21 were calves,37 were juveniles,68 were sub-adults,and 101 were adults. The sex ratio was 3. 39∶ 1（ female： male）,and the annual natality and mortality were 26. 92% and 1. 32% respectively. The results showed that the net natality（ R0） was 28. 096,the average generation time（ T） was37. 5 years,the intrinsic increase rate was 0. 0386,the finite increase rate（ λ） was 1. 0393,and the actual increase rate（ r） was 0. 0793. The parameters of population quantity,age structure,sex ratio,natality,intrinsic increase rate concluded that the Elephas maximus wild population in Xishuangbanna had potential for proliferation while the apart population hindered the gene exchange which was unfavorable to the population reproduction.
作者
王巧燕
肖宇
杨子诚
宗春淼
甘忠莉
杨鸿培
WANG Qiaoyan;XIAO Yu;YANG Zicheng;ZONG Chunmiao;GAN Zhongli;YANG Hongpei(Research Institute of Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve,Jinghong,Yunnan 6661000,China;Ecology Institute of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve,Jinghong,Yunnan 6661000,China)
出处
《林业调查规划》
2018年第4期46-50,共5页
Forest Inventory and Planning
关键词
亚洲象
年龄结构
性别比例
内禀增长力
增殖潜力
西双版纳地区
Elephas maximus
age structure
sex ratio
intrinsic increase rate
potential for prolifera-tion
Xishuangbanna.
