摘要
为揭示高寒山区冻土对降雨-径流过程的影响,对黑河上游红泥沟小流域典型降雨事件全过程出口断面的径流量进行了观测,采集降雨和河水样品,测定其中溶解硅的质量浓度,进而分析径流量和溶解硅质量浓度的动态变化规律,并以溶解硅为示踪剂将小流域出口径流分割为地面径流(腐殖层中流和坡面流)和地下径流(矿质层中流)。结果表明,洪峰上升期,地面径流对河道径流的贡献率为47%,地下径流贡献率为53%;洪峰降落期,地面径流贡献率为29%,地下径流贡献率为71%。整个观测过程中地面径流对河道径流的贡献率为30.7%,地下径流的贡献率为69.3%,说明洪峰期间河道径流以地下径流为主。分析认为冻土分布地区夏季降雨-径流过程中,由于土壤逐渐解冻,降雨入渗驱替冻土层上水排入河网,流域产流仍以地下径流为主。
In order to reveal the effects of frozen soil on the rainfall-runoff process in the alpine region,this paper observed the runoff of the outlet section of the Hongnigou small watershed in the upper reaches of Heihe River,and determined the dissolved silicon in rainfall and river water samples.Analyzing the dynamic changes of runoff and dissolved silicon concentration,the paper divides the outlet runoff of the small watershed into surface runoff（humus layer flow and overland flow）and subsurface runoff（mineral layer flow）using dissolved silicon as tracer.The results indicate that,during the increasing period of the flood peak,the contribution rate of surface runoff to stream runoff was 47%,and the contribution rate of subsurface runoff was 53%to stream runoff.In the decreasing period of the flood peak,the contribution rate was 29% and 71%for surface runoff and subsurface runoff,respectively.The contribution rate of surface runoff to stream runoff was only 30.7%,while the subsurface runoff was 69.3% throughout the whole observation process,which confirms that the subsurface runoff is the main component of the stream runoff in the flood peak period.It is concluded upon the analysis that during the summer rainfall-runoff process in the frozen soil areas,due to the gradual thaw of soil,the rainfall infiltration displaces the water above frozen soil stratum to river network,leading the runoff yield of watershed to be still dominated by the subsurface runoff.
作者
曹弘
补建伟
潘钊
常启昕
刘彦广
Cao Hong;Bu Jianwei;Pan Zhao;Chang Qixin;Liu Yanguang(a.School of Computer Sciences,1b.Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-restoration,1c.School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences（Wuhan）,Wuhan 430074,China;Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China)
出处
《地质科技情报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期219-224,共6页
Geological Science and Technology Information
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0406105)
国家自然科学基金项目(41772270
91325101)
关键词
降雨-径流
溶解硅
示踪剂
高寒山区
红泥沟
rainfall-runoff
dissolved silicate
tracer
alpine region
Hongnigou
