摘要
目的:调查我国西部地区居家老年人生活自理能力现状,并分析其影响因素,为提高居家老年人生活质量和养老服务提供参考依据。方法:对我国西部地区青海省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、陕西省、贵州省、广西省、四川省、云南省以及重庆市这9个省、直辖市和自治区居家生活的老年人进行生活自理能力(activities of daily living,ADL)问卷调查,并应用Logistic回归分析探索影响其自理能力水平的因素。结果:此次共调查了我国西部地区7 175名居家生活的老年人,其中78.86%完全自理,12.32%轻度功能障碍,6.27%中度功能障碍,2.55%重度功能障碍。多因素Logistic回归分析提示,年龄、文化程度、经济收入、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)和疾病等都是影响我国西部地区居家老年人生活自理能力下降的重要因素。60~69岁、70~79岁居家老年人ADL下降的危险度分别为80岁以上者的0.221(0.190~0.258)和0.353(0.305~0.409)倍;小学、初中、中专或高中、大专或本科、研究生及以上的居家老年人ADL下降的风险分别为文盲者的0.299(0.140~0.637)、0.312(0.146~0.663)、0.238(0.112~0.510)、0.226(0.105~0.484)、0.238(0.110~0.514)倍;经济条件相当困难、略有困难、收支平衡的老年人ADL下降风险分别为经济充裕者的2.720(2.015~3.672)、2.344(1.816~3.027)、1.542(1.215~1.957)倍;与BMI≥28的老年人相比,BMI<18.5者ADL下降风险为1.577(1.142~2.179)倍;身体没有疾病的老年人ADL下降风险为有疾病者的0.685(0.602~0.779)倍。结论:我国西部地区居家老年人生活自理能力水平不高,且受年龄、文化程度、收入以及老年人身体情况等多种因素的影响。随着我国高龄老年人的日益增加,广大医务工作者和整个社会需要共同面临维持和提高其生活自理能力的难题和挑战。
Objective： To investigate the current situation of the activities of daily living（ ADL） of the aged at home in western China,and to analyze its influencing factors so that we can improve the quality of life and pension services of elderly people. Methods： The elderly people who came from Qinghai Province,Ningxia Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Shanxi Province,Guizhou Province,Guangxi Province,Sichuan Province,Yunnan Province and Chongqing were surveyed by questionnaires. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of ADL. Results： A total of7 175 aged people living in the western China were surveyed. In the study,78. 86% of the aged at home could independently live. 12. 32% of the aged were of mild dysfunction. 6. 27% of the aged had moderate dysfunction. And 2. 55% of the aged suffered severe dysfunction. Multiple Logistic analyses indicated that age,educational level,economic income,body mass index and disease were the factors that affected their ADL. The risk of decreased ADL in the 60-69 and 70-79-year-old groups were 0. 221（ 95% CI：0. 190-0. 258） and 0. 353（ 95% CI： 0. 305-0. 409） times that of the elderly over the age of 80. Compared with illiterate seniors,the risks of decline in ADL of primary school,junior high school,secondary or high school,college or undergraduates,postgraduates or above were 0. 299（ 95% CI： 0. 140-0. 637）,0. 312（ 95% CI： 0. 146-0. 663）,0. 238（ 95% CI： 0. 112-0. 510）,0. 226（ 95% CI：0. 105-0. 484）,and 0. 238（ 95% CI： 0. 110-0. 514） times. The declines in the risk of ADL for elderly people with quite difficult economic conditions,slight difficulty and breaking even were 2. 720（ 95% CI： 2. 015-3. 672）,2. 344（ 95% CI： 1. 816-3. 027）,and 1. 542（ 95% CI： 1. 215-1. 957）times of the economically abundant people. Compared with those with a body mass index（ BMI） ≥28,the risk of ADL reduction for BMI 18. 5 was 1. 577（ 95% CI： 1. 142-2. 179） times. And the ADL of the elde
作者
徐小凤
陈茜
赵艺璞
胡秀英
XU Xiao-feng1, CHEN Qian2, ZHAO Yi-pu3, HU Xiu-ying1(1. Nursing Department, West China Hospital; West China School of Nursing, Siehuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; 2. Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Siehuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; 3. Henan Provincial Sleep-disordered Breathing Clinic Center, Zhengzhou 450003, Chin)
出处
《北京大学学报（医学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期457-462,共6页
Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences
基金
四川省科技厅支撑计划项目(2015FZ0099-3)
中华护理学会(ZHKY201406)资助
