摘要
针对现有大蒜播种机难以满足蒜种"鳞芽朝上、直立栽种"农艺要求的问题,该文设计了一种大蒜自动定向播种机。该播种机主要由底盘、机架、种箱、取种装置、蒜种定向装置、插播装置、气动控制系统和镇压轮组成。采用链勺式取种方式完成单粒取种,利用三级锥形料斗实现蒜种鳞芽定向,通过鸭嘴式插播器实现直立栽种。设计了各关键部件结构,通过试验研究探明了影响取种效果和鳞芽定向效果的主要因素,确定了合理工作参数组合。以兰陵大蒜为试验对象,取种试验表明,当播种机行进速度0.10 m/s、振动机构振动作用力15 N、十字轮转速20 r/min时,单粒取种率为93.50%,多粒率为2.30%,漏取率为4.20%,综合取种效果最优;蒜种定向试验表明,当3级料斗尖锥半顶角依次为45°、40°和30°时,料斗安装间距100 mm、料斗打开间隔时间0.4 s时的鳞芽朝上率为94.44%,综合定向效果最优。大蒜播种机田间试验结果表明,上述参数组合下鳞芽朝上率为89.2%,重播率为3.2%,漏播率为2.0%,播种效率为500～650 m^2/h,满足大蒜播种农艺需求。该文研究结果为推动大蒜播种机械化和自动化发展提供参考。
Garlic is one of the most important cash crops which cultivated widely in China. An enormous number of farms in developed countries have wide planting area, and almost all harvested garlic are sent to deep processing. Thus, there is poor requirement of garlic seed scaly direction. The high-level mechanization and automation garlic planter has been used in production as early as 1960s. In contrast, garlic is grown mostly in hills and plains, such as Hebei, Jiangsu and Shandong. The garlic planting time is about 20 days, the agronomic requirement of garlic planting is ＂scaly bud is upward while root is downward, and erectly planting＂. In view of this special agronomic requirement, the artificial planting mode has been used in a long time, that is farmers insert garlic seed into soil in accordance with agronomic requirement and then covering soil by hands. This mode has obvious disadvantages of great labour intensity, low working efficiency and high employment cast. In addition, most foreign garlic planters are not usually suitable for use in China. Thus, an efficient precision garlic planter plays a crucial role to the development of garlic planter mechanization in China. However, the bottleneck of garlic planter research and development is how to conquer garlic seed directing technology. On the basis of this present situation, a number of universities and related scientific research institutions have carried out a series of studies and achieved periodic results. An automatic directing garlic planter was designed in this study. In terms of it, there are seed taking device, garlic seed directing device, inserted planting device and pneumatic control system, and so on. The structure of key components had been designed. A small caterpillar base plate was applied to chassis, which reduced effectively the degree of soil compaction and powered by a diesel engine. The seed taking device is composed of chain drive, seed taking spoon, chain plate and vibrating mechanism. Garlic seeds have appearance characteristics of s
作者
耿爱军
栗晓宇
侯加林
张智龙
张姬
崇峻
Geng Aijun;Li Xiaoyu;Hou Jialin;Zhang Zhilong;Zhang Ji;Chong Jun(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271000,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments,Taian 271000,China;Ji＇nan Huaqing Agricultural Machinery Technology Co.,Ltd.,Ji＇nan 251600,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第11期17-25,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2016YF009)
山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GNC112004)
国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-24-D-01)
山东农业大学"双一流"园艺机械装备协同创新团队(SYL2017XTTD07)
关键词
农业机械
农作物
设计
大蒜播种机
蒜种定向
单粒取种
直立栽种
agricultural machinery
crops
design
garlic planter
garlic seed directing
single seed taking
erectly planting
