摘要
目的了解上海市浦东新区2013—2016年水痘发病的时空特征及聚集性。方法水痘发病的数据来源于传染病报告信息系统,街镇人口数来源于上海浦东统计年鉴,街镇边界地图使用国家测绘局2015年版shp格式的地图数据。采用Sa TScan 9.3进行时空聚集性扫描,使用ArcGIS 10.5将扫描结果可视化。结果 2013—2016年上海市浦东新区水痘的年均发病率为67.32/10万。发病人群中男性占54.98%、该县区占58.87%、医务人员和教师分别占0.99%和0.92%,年龄分布呈以5岁为中心的正偏态分布,总体似"靴子"形状,从0~81岁均可见发病。流行时间具有明显的"双峰性"特征,第一次峰值出现在夏季的5月或6月,第二次在出现在冬季的12月左右。发病率高的区域集中在南部中间地带。单纯时间聚集出现在2016年11月15日至2016年12月16日,空间聚集出现在以万祥为中心的涵盖书院、泥城、大团、南汇新城镇、老港等直径为17.60km的区域,时空聚集出现在2013年10月31日至2014年4月28日,覆盖区域与单纯空间扫描聚集区域相同。结论水痘已经成为传染病突发公共卫生事件发生的主要危险因素,郊区和农村地区是水痘防控的重点区域,为有效控制水痘疫情推荐接种两针水痘疫苗。
Objective To understand the spatiotemporal features and aggregation of chickenpox in Pudong New Area during 2013 - 2016. Methods The incidence of chickenpox data from the infectious disease reporting information system, the town population from Shanghai Pudong Statistical Yearbook, street border map using the version 2015 shp format map data of State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping. Use SaTScan 9. 3 to do spatial and temporal clustering scanning, and ArcGIS 10. 5 to visualize the results. Results The annual average incidence of chickenpox from 2013 to 2016 in Pudong New Area in Shanghai was 67.32/lakh. Among the affected population, 54. 98% were male, 58.87% were from account location, doctors and teachers accounted for 0. 99% and 0. 92% respectively. Age distribution is positive skewed distribution centered on 5 years of age, overall like ＂boots＂ shape, from 0 years to 81 years are visible onset. Pop time has obvious ＂bimodal＂ characteristics, with the first peak appearing in summer in May or June and the second appearing in winter around December. High incidence of the area concentrated in the southern middle. Simple time aggregation occurs from November 15, 2016 to December 16, 2016. The simple spatial clustering occrred in a region of 17. 60km in diameter centered around Wanxiang, covering Shuyuan, Nicheng, Datuan, Nanhui New Town, Lao Gang. The spatiotemporal aggregation occurs from October 31, 2013 to April 28, 2014, and the coverage area is the same as the simple spatial scanning aggregation area. Conclusion Chickenpox has become a major risk factor for public health emergency of infectious diseases. Suburban and rural areas are the key areas for prevention and control of chickenpox. In order to effectively control the epidemic of chickenpox, it is recommended to inoculate the two-dose chickenpox vaccine.
作者
张民
刘长超
杨朝华
ZHANG Min;LIU Changchao;YANG Chaohua(Datuan Town Community Health Service Center of Pudong New Area,Shanghai 201311,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2018年第4期97-100,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
关键词
水痘
流行特征
时空扫描
聚集性
Chiekenpox
Epidemic characteristics
Spatiotemporal scanning
Aggregation
