摘要
河口三角洲湿地生态环境保护和区域开发的矛盾突出,对湿地生态圈健康和栖息地生态功能产生直接而强烈的影响.健康的河口三角洲湿地生态圈是由自然过程的连续性、生态系统的连通性、生境的异质性以及食物网的多样性等多种因素共同决定的.本文讨论了健康湿地生态圈构建的基础理论,综述了景观生态网络构建、水文连通性网络构建、食物网构建以及生境异质性栖息地营建的理论与方法.在区域和景观尺度上,以土地利用-生态系统完整性为主线,阐明了湿地破碎化对湿地生态功能的影响,特别强调景观完整性、水文连通性对湿地栖息地的影响;在生态系统和群落尺度上,以食物网-生态系统稳定性为主线,强调食物网多样性、生境异质性对湿地生物圈构建的支撑作用.基于景观完整性、水文连通性、生境异质性和食物网多样性构建健康湿地生态圈,可为湿地生态环境保护和建设提供科学依据和技术支撑.
The health of wetland ecosphere in an estuarine delta is determined by many factors,such as continuity of natural processes,ecosystem connectivity,habitat heterogeneity,and food web diversity. The contradiction between ecological and environmental protection and regional development in the estuarine delta is becoming more and more prominent. A series of man-made and natural processes directly and indirectly resulted in habitat fragmentation of wetlands,which has direct and strong impacts on the ecosphere health and the habitat function of wetlands. In this paper,we provided a perspective on researches on the basic theory of healthy wetland ecosphere,landscape ecological network system,hydrologic network construction,key food webs,and habitat heterogeneity.At the regional and landscape scales,with the linkages between land use and ecosystem integrity as the main line,we clarified the influences of habitat fragmentation on wetland ecological functions,especially the effects of landscape integrity and river connectivity on wetland habitat. At the community and ecosystem scales,emphasis should be given on the relationship between food web and ecosystem stability,especially the supporting role of food web diversity and habitat heterogeneity on the construction of wetland biosphere. Further efforts should focuse on the wetland habitats construction based on landscape integrity,hydrologic connectivity,habitat heterogeneity and food web diversity.These efforts could help to develop and optimize the theory and method of constructing wetland ecosphere and enhancing its ecological function,and promote the sound development of regional ecological environment and resource utilization in estuarine deltas.
作者
韩广轩
牛振国
栾兆擎
王光美
张俪文
管博
HAN Guang-xuan;NIU Zhen-guo;LUAN Zhao-qing;WANG Guang-mei;ZHANG Li-wen;GUAN Bo(Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,Shandong,China;State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China）.)
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第8期2787-2796,共10页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41671089)
中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-023)资助~~
关键词
河口三角洲
栖息地破碎化
生态圈
连通性
生境异质性
食物网
生态功能
estuarine delta
habitat fragmentation
ecosphere
connectivity
habitat heterogeneity
food web
ecological function
