摘要
汉代的大家、中家和小家,都属于政府的编户齐民,其划分依据是家资。大家家资在百万以上;中家为十万以上,百万以下;而小家为十万以下,小家中二万以下的即为贫民。西汉之初政府重视保护中小之家,但因不抑兼并,豪富大家得以发展并出现兼役中小之家的现象。汉武帝时期曾一度采取打压豪强大家的政策,但也未能从根本上改善豪强大家兼役中小之家的趋势。直到西汉灭亡、王莽代汉,这一问题都未得到解决。东汉之初,政府对保护中小之家格外关注,豪强大家对中小之家的兼役得到一定的抑制。但随着东汉政权的衰颓以及地方豪强势力的发展,政府保护中小之家的政策也显得苍白无力。
Da-Jia,Zhong-Jia and Xiao-Jia were common registered households in the Han dynasty,whose basis of division was family property.Da-Jia＇s family property exceeded one million,Zhong-Jia＇s family property was between one hundred thousand and one million,and Xiao-Jia＇s family property was below one hundred thousand;families with less than twenty thousand property were classified as poor people.At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty,the government attached great importance to the protection of Zhong-Jia and Xiao-Jia.But due to the government＇s inaction in restricting annexation,the rich and powerful got unrestrained development and there emerged the phenomenon of DaJia merging and enslaving Zhong-Jia and Xiao-Jia.During the reign of Emperor Wu,the Han government once adopted the policy of suppressing the tyrannical Da-Jia,but it failed to reverse the trend of Da-Jia merging and enslaving ZhongJia and Xiao-Jia.There was no solution to this problem until the fall of the Western Han Dynasty.At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the government paid special attention to protecting Zhong-Jia and Xiao-Jia.The rich and powerful＇s merging and enslaving of Zhong-Jia and Xiao-Jia was considerably restrained.However,with the weakening of the Eastern Han regime and the development of the local tyrannical power,the government＇s policy of protecting Zhong-Jia and Xiao-Jia appeared feeble and futile.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第8期14-25,共12页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
重庆市社科规划项目
博士项目"两汉家庭伦理变迁研究"(2017BS62)
关键词
汉代
编户民
大家
中家
小家
Han dynasty
registered household
Da-Jia
Zhong-Jia
Xiao-Jia
