摘要
环境价值评估中广泛存在支付工具效应,经济学家发现,当采用"缴税"和"劳动"支付工具分别开展环境价值评估时,得到的评估结果往往存在显著差异,但现有研究仍未对支付工具效应形成的原因进行解释。该研究同时采用"缴税"和"劳动"两种支付工具设计选择实验,对北京市城市湿地价值进行评估,并检验两种支付工具的评估结果是否存在差异。该研究首先基于时间分配理论比较了"缴税"和"劳动"支付工具在评估环境价值时存在的理论差异,并据此提出了研究假说。随后,课题组分别基于两种支付工具设计了两组选择实验,在2017年5月对北京市居民开展了网络调查,调查对象被随机分配到两组实验样本中。基于调查数据,该研究采用随机参数Logit模型和广义多元Logit模型分析了北京市居民对湿地属性的偏好,并据此估算了湿地属性的边际价值。结果显示,北京市湿地面积每增加1 000 hm2、湿地Ⅱ类与Ⅲ类水质的占比每增加1%、湿地动植物种类每增加10种、湿地植被覆盖率每增加1%,基于"缴税"支付工具估算的边际支付意愿分别为每年23.254元、17.266元、5.559元和9.041元,基于"劳动"支付工具估算的边际劳动意愿分别为每年0.211 d、0.138 d、0.042 d和0.093 d。采用缴税支付工具估算的边际支付意愿约为采用劳动支付工具估算的边际劳动意愿与实际工资率乘积的50%,即支付工具效应得到证实。男性样本中的支付工具效应强于女性样本。而且,工资性收入在总收入中的占比越高,支付工具效应越强。该研究的分析结论可以为城市湿地的修复与保护提供必要的决策参考。后续的研究者和政策制定者可以考虑利用支付工具效应设计环境政策,从而进一步提高社会福利。
Payment vehicle effect （PVE） extensively exists in measuring environmental values, i.e. economists verified remarkable difference of valuation outcome between ‘tax’ vehicle and ‘labor’ vehicle. But previous studies have not discovered why PVE existed. This paper uses both ‘tax’ and ‘labor’ vehicles to evaluate urban wetlands in Beijing, and further to explore the existence of PVE. We firstly compare the theoretical difference, on the basis of time allocation theory, between monetary and labor vehicles when evaluating urban wetlands, and accordingly propose our hypotheses. ‘Tax’ and ‘labor’ vehicles are respectively used to design two separate choice experiments, and then we conduct an online survey on Beijing residents in May, 2017, and respondents are randomly allocated in the two experiments. We use random parameter Logit model and generalize multinomial Logit model to elicit marginal values of four different wetland attributes. Results indicate that, mean marginal willingness-to-pay values elicited through tax vehicle for wetland size （every 1 000 hm^2）, proportion of class Ⅱ and Ⅲ water quality （one percent）, number of animal and plant species （every 10 species）, vegetation coverage （one percent） are respectively annually RMB 23.254 RMB 17.266, RMB 5.559 and RMB 9.041, while mean marginal willingness-to-work values elicited through labor vehicle are respectively annually 0.211 day, 0.138 day, 0.042 day and 0.093 day. Significant PVE is confirmed in urban wetland valuation, where the marginal willingness-to-pay values elicited through tax vehicle is only about 50% of those elicited by ‘labor’ vehicle （i.e. product of willingness-to-work and wage rate）. PVE is stronger in male samples than in female samples. And the higher the proportion of wage income in total income, the larger is PVE. Above results might offer essential reference for the restoration and protection of urban wetlands. Researchers and practitioners, in the future, could take PVE into consi
作者
全世文
秦光远
王昌海
QUAN Shi-wen;QIN Guang-yuan;WANG Chang-hai(Institute of Rural Development,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第7期54-64,共11页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
北京林业大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(批准号:2017ZY62)
北京市社会科学基金资助项目"城镇化背景下北京城市湿地生态补偿机制研究"(批准号:15JGB134)
关键词
城市湿地
选择实验
价值评估
支付工具
urban wetland
choice experiment
valuation
payment vehicle
